protestant and counter reformation

3 figures of the Protestant Reformation

• Martin Luther

• John Calvin

• King Henry VIII

Latin Mass

• Also known as the Tridentine Mass

Sublimis Deus

• Described as the Magna Carta for the human rights of indigenous people

Transubstantiation

• The consecrated bread and wine are held to have been transformed really and substantially into the body, blood, soul, and divinity of Christ

• Also reaffirmed as the traditional seven sacraments of the Catholic Church

King Henry VIII

• Wanted to divorce his wife and have the marriage annulled

• The Catholic Church refused the annulment

• He created a new church, called the Anglican Church, or the Church of England

• Arrested people for trying to practice their faith and celebrate mass in their homes

• People fled England to take chances in new colonies, which would later be known as the United States of America

• Influenced the US Bill of Rights amendments such as Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Religion, and Freedom of Assembly

Indulgences

• An indulgence was an act of service or a donation to the church that was accompanied by a

• promise on behalf of the Pope to reduce your time in purgatory

• Martin Luther was unhappy about many of the issues with the Catholic Church, particularly

• Indulgences

Difference between Protestants and Catholics

• Protestants believe in faith alone

• Catholics believe in grace through faith and works of faith

Protestant Reformation

• A religious, political, and cultural movement that split Catholic Europe

Counter Reformation

• A period of Catholic response to, and as an alternative to, the Protestant Reformation

Council of Trent

• Called by Pope Paul III, the first pope of the Counter-Reformation

• Council was tasked with widespread reform, addressing issues such as corrupt bishops and priests, the sale of indulgences, and other abuses

The Wars of the Roses

• House of Lancaster (King Henry VIII) defeated House of York. creating the Tudor Dynasty

• This made the monarchy stronger and reduced the power of nobles and other families to oppose his decision to create the Anglican Church, or the Church of England