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Sure! Here’s a quick rundown of the issues and rulings for the cases you mentioned:

1. Engel vs. Vitale (1962)

Issue: Whether school-sponsored prayer violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.

Ruling: The Supreme Court ruled that school-sponsored prayer in public schools is unconstitutional, as it violates the Establishment Clause.

2. Wisconsin vs. Yoder (1972)

Issue: Whether Amish parents could be exempt from compulsory school attendance laws for religious reasons.

Ruling: The Court ruled that religious freedom outweighed the state’s educational requirements, allowing Amish students to stop schooling after 8th grade.

3. Tinker vs. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)

Issue: Whether students’ free speech rights were violated when they were suspended for wearing black armbands to protest the Vietnam War.

Ruling: The Court ruled that students do have free speech rights in schools, as long as it doesn’t disrupt the educational environment. The armbands were symbolic speech, which was protected.

4. New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)

Issue: Whether the government could prevent the New York Times from publishing the Pentagon Papers, citing prior restraint (censorship before publication).

Ruling: The Court ruled that prior restraint was unconstitutional and the press had the right to publish the Pentagon Papers.

5. Schenck v. United States (1919)

Issue: Whether urging people to resist the draft during wartime violated free speech.

Ruling: The Court ruled that speech presenting a “clear and present danger” (such as encouraging resistance to the draft during wartime) could be limited. This established the “clear and present danger” test for speech limits.

6. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

Issue: Whether the right to an attorney (6th Amendment) applies in state criminal trials.

Ruling: The Court ruled that the right to counsel is fundamental, and states are required to provide an attorney to defendants who cannot afford one.

7. McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

Issue: Whether the 2nd Amendment right to bear arms applies to state and local governments.

Ruling: The Court ruled that the 2nd Amendment right to bear arms is incorporated through the 14th Amendment’s Due Process Clause and applies to state and local governments.

Let me know if you want more details on any of these!