Physical Science Topic 1 Study Guide
Vocabulary
Matter- anything that has mass and takes up space (paper, glass, air)
Substance- a single kind of matter that always has a specific composition or makeup
Physical Property- a characteristic that can be observed without changing the matter into another type of matter (melting point, boiling point, color, conductivity)
Chemical Properties- characteristics that describe something's ability to become something else; a brand new substance (reactions to acid/when combined, flammability)
Atom- basic unit from which all matter is made (nucleus{neutral}, electrons{negative}, protons{positive})
Element- substances made up of only one type of atom
Molecule- a group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
Compound- a substance made up of two or more elements that are chemically combined in a set ratio
Mixture- made up of two or more substances that are together in the same place, but their atoms are not chemically bonded
Heterogeneous= Can easily separate
Homogenous= Hard to see different parts and needs to be divided according to properties
Distillation- separating liquids by boiling them
Mass- a measure of how much matter is in an object
Volume- the amount of space that matter occupies
Weight- a measure of the force of gravity on an object
Density- the measurement of how much mass of a substance is contained in a given volume
Physical Change- a change that alters the form or appearance of a material but does not make the material into another substance
Chemical Change- a change in which one or more substances combine or break apart to form new substances
Formula for density
Density= mass divided by volume ( m/v)
What makes an object sink or float?
Objects with a density greater than water (1 g/cm³) will sink. Objects with a density lesser than water will float.
Pure substances & Mixtures
A pure substance is a substance with nothing else, it is pure and isn’t broken down into anything.
Mixtures in a substance keep their properties and are not combined in a set ratio.
Heterogeneous mixtures can be easily separated and do not chemically combine. Homogenous mixtures can be almost impossible to separate because you cannot see the different parts. To separate mixtures, you divide the parts according to their properties using distillation, evaporation, filtration, or magnetic attraction.
Law of Conservation of Mass
The law of conservation of mass states that matter is not created or destroyed during any chemical or physical change. It is called this because mass is a measurement of matter. Even if something seems to lose or gain mass, nothing has changed because the atoms cannot be created or destroyed.
Physical & Chemical Properties/Changes
Physical properties are things that do not change into a different kind of matter and can be recovered. Physical changes are changes in the state of matter. If you melt gold, the substance is still gold but is in a different state. Chemical Properties are something’s ability to change into a new substance. Chemical changes are when a substance breaks down into 2 or more new substances. When you use yeast to bake bread, it causes bubbles of carbon dioxide to help the dough rise.
Chemical Formulas of Compounds
A chemical formula of a compound represents the elements present in the substance’s molecule with their symbols. It shows how many atoms of each element there are in a substance. Ex: H₂O
How to Find Volume of Regular & Irregular Objects
You can use a ruler to measure a regular-shaped object to see the length, width, and height. To measure an irregularly shaped object, you use a graduated cylinder.
Tools Used to Measure Properties of Matter
Scales- Used to measure and compare the mass of two objects/mass
Graduated Cylinder- Used to measure irregularly shaped objects/volume of liquid
Ruler- Used to measure regular-shaped objects/length
Mass & Weight
Mass is a measure of matter that does not change. Even if an object is in a location with a different gravitational force, the mass of the object stays the same. Weight, on the other hand, does change depending on the gravitational pull. The weight of an object can change slightly even on Earth, depending on where you are. This is why scientists prefer to use mass to measure objects.
Vocabulary
Matter- anything that has mass and takes up space (paper, glass, air)
Substance- a single kind of matter that always has a specific composition or makeup
Physical Property- a characteristic that can be observed without changing the matter into another type of matter (melting point, boiling point, color, conductivity)
Chemical Properties- characteristics that describe something's ability to become something else; a brand new substance (reactions to acid/when combined, flammability)
Atom- basic unit from which all matter is made (nucleus{neutral}, electrons{negative}, protons{positive})
Element- substances made up of only one type of atom
Molecule- a group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
Compound- a substance made up of two or more elements that are chemically combined in a set ratio
Mixture- made up of two or more substances that are together in the same place, but their atoms are not chemically bonded
Heterogeneous= Can easily separate
Homogenous= Hard to see different parts and needs to be divided according to properties
Distillation- separating liquids by boiling them
Mass- a measure of how much matter is in an object
Volume- the amount of space that matter occupies
Weight- a measure of the force of gravity on an object
Density- the measurement of how much mass of a substance is contained in a given volume
Physical Change- a change that alters the form or appearance of a material but does not make the material into another substance
Chemical Change- a change in which one or more substances combine or break apart to form new substances
Formula for density
Density= mass divided by volume ( m/v)
What makes an object sink or float?
Objects with a density greater than water (1 g/cm³) will sink. Objects with a density lesser than water will float.
Pure substances & Mixtures
A pure substance is a substance with nothing else, it is pure and isn’t broken down into anything.
Mixtures in a substance keep their properties and are not combined in a set ratio.
Heterogeneous mixtures can be easily separated and do not chemically combine. Homogenous mixtures can be almost impossible to separate because you cannot see the different parts. To separate mixtures, you divide the parts according to their properties using distillation, evaporation, filtration, or magnetic attraction.
Law of Conservation of Mass
The law of conservation of mass states that matter is not created or destroyed during any chemical or physical change. It is called this because mass is a measurement of matter. Even if something seems to lose or gain mass, nothing has changed because the atoms cannot be created or destroyed.
Physical & Chemical Properties/Changes
Physical properties are things that do not change into a different kind of matter and can be recovered. Physical changes are changes in the state of matter. If you melt gold, the substance is still gold but is in a different state. Chemical Properties are something’s ability to change into a new substance. Chemical changes are when a substance breaks down into 2 or more new substances. When you use yeast to bake bread, it causes bubbles of carbon dioxide to help the dough rise.
Chemical Formulas of Compounds
A chemical formula of a compound represents the elements present in the substance’s molecule with their symbols. It shows how many atoms of each element there are in a substance. Ex: H₂O
How to Find Volume of Regular & Irregular Objects
You can use a ruler to measure a regular-shaped object to see the length, width, and height. To measure an irregularly shaped object, you use a graduated cylinder.
Tools Used to Measure Properties of Matter
Scales- Used to measure and compare the mass of two objects/mass
Graduated Cylinder- Used to measure irregularly shaped objects/volume of liquid
Ruler- Used to measure regular-shaped objects/length
Mass & Weight
Mass is a measure of matter that does not change. Even if an object is in a location with a different gravitational force, the mass of the object stays the same. Weight, on the other hand, does change depending on the gravitational pull. The weight of an object can change slightly even on Earth, depending on where you are. This is why scientists prefer to use mass to measure objects.
