Cj final

3 strikes law A law that mandated a life sentence after 3 felony offenses corporal punishment Physical force upon a child as a means of punishment American Prison system Initiated by William Penn Walnut Street Jail It was the first prison to experiment with solitary confinement and the PA system. Quakers Known for the concept of solitary confinement and rehabilitation Zebulon Brockway A prison reformer who started experimenting with indeterminate sentencing and parole 19th Century federal prisoners Housed in state institutions due to no established federal prison system Alcatraz A maximum security federal prison jails vs prisons Jails usually hold people waiting to be tried, and or people who committed small offenses and serve less than a year. Prison holds people who have committed felonies and are serving longer sentences. American jail population 720,000 American jail population demographics Primarily comprised of unconvicted white males with some high school education modern-day punishment akin to Scarlet Letter Adoption by a majority of states of an internet-based registry of convicted sex offenders max, min, and medium security prisons Maximum is the most restrictive with a high level of security, minimum is relatively unrestricted and has a low level of security, medium is a mix of the two. earliest form of inmate classification Includes degree of individual reform primary rehabilitative tools Vocational, educational, and drug treatment programs antiquated prisons Continue to remain in use due to overcrowding primary task of prisons Rehabilitation and deterrence highest risk group for AIDs in the US Women Commissioner The position at the top of the administration in the Department of Corrections warden A prison warden is the top-ranking official at a correctional facility, responsible for the overall management and operation of the prison. cocaine detection in urine Remains in a person's urine for 2-4 Days Attica State Prison riot An uprising in 1971, with the cause cited as poor living conditions and discrimination writ of habeas corpus Limited to contesting detention by the government habeas corpus A procedure that allows people to challenge the legality of their detention jailhouse lawyer A prisoner who has gained significant legal knowledge religious freedom in prison It is free to practice any religion, the same as it applies outside of prison. Wolff vs McDonnell A case ruling that basic elements of procedural due process must be present when decisions are made about the disciplining of an inmate for a serious rule violation. 4th, 5th, and 8th Amendments 4th is the right to privacy from unreasonable searches and seizures of property, persons, papers, and documents. The 5th is protection against self-incrimination, and the 8th is no unreasonable punishments or excessive fees. rehabilitative treatment Not a right by the courts lockdown condition A security measure restricting the movement of inmates New Mexico State Penitentiary Known for the largest and most brutal prison riot in US history community-based correction A model of corrections based on the goal of reintegrating the offender into the community father of probation John Augustus parole Early release from prison into the community probation A sentence served in the community rather than in prison probation officers Supervise probationers conditional discharge A type of sentence in which a court finds a person guilty of a crime but does not impose a formal conviction if they adhere to specific conditions set by the court Probation Officer They can conduct investigations, prepare reports, and recommend actions to the court. Probation Officer Limitations Unless specifically allowed by the court order, probation officers may only conduct home visits with the probationer's consent or in response to compliance concerns. Authority to Revoke Probation Judges and or Correctional Officials. Initiating Technical Violation Proceedings The probation officer. Most Widely Endorsed Condition of Probation Alcohol and drug testing. Technical Violations of Parole The probationer's failure to abide by the rules and conditions of probation (specified by the judge) results in revocation of probation. Meaning of Parole Parole comes from French, meaning 'Word of Honor.' Date of Delinquency The date on which an individual failed to meet a certain standard or requirement, specifically in parole or probation, when a violation occurs. Furlough A period in which an inmate is allowed to visit family to keep community bonds strong. Difference Between Probation and Parole Probation is instead of a prison sentence, while parole is early release from a prison sentence. Shock Probation A sentence in which the offender is released after a short incarceration and resentenced to probation. Trends in Parole The parolee population is increasing, parolees are older, have served more time, and have more drug offenses, and more parolees are being sent back to prison as parole violators. Measuring Effectiveness of Parole It is difficult to determine because of the lack of agreed-upon standards. Temporary Release Programs Federal and state reports' conclusions on temporary release programs suggest they should be tried with a violent offender. Intensive Probation Supervision Programs Valuations have found them to be more effective than regular probation. Dead Time Time in custody that does not add to the total sentence of an inmate. Recidivism Repeating offenses. Effective Measure of Reducing Recidivism Rehabilitation. Crime Classifications Parolees Avoid Parolees tend not to repeat sex crimes. Basic Principles of the Pennsylvania System 1. Prisoners would not be treated vengefully but should be convinced that through hard and selective forms of suffering, they could change their lives. 2. Solitary confinement would prevent further corruption inside the prison. 3. In isolation, offenders would reflect on their transgressions and repent. 4. Solitary confinement would be a punishment because humans are, by nature, social beings. 5. Solitary confinement would be economical, because prisoners would not need long periods to repent, and so fewer keepers would be needed and the costs of clothing would be lower. New York System A penitentiary system, in which each inmate was held in isolation during the night but worked and ate with other prisoners during the day under a rule of silence. Treatment of Female Prisoners Before the 19th century, female prisoners were not treated differently from males. Levels of Government Operating Correctional Programs Federal, state, and local. Administration of Jails Jails are administered locally by local governments or counties. Drug Test Refusal on Probation No, they cannot refuse drug tests. Probation Officer Caseload Yes, probation officers often have heavy caseloads. Adjustment of Fines Generally, no. Goal of Community Corrections Reintegrating the offender into the community. World's First Probation Officer John Augustus. Impact of Closing Mental Institutions Yes, it did. Inmate Isolation Yes, most inmates spend time in isolation. Prone to Violence Men are more prone to violence. Gang Membership in Prison Yes, it is often race-based. Prisoner-Officer Violence What is not a problem in prison? Pardon A forgiveness of crime that relieves individual consequences. Roles of a Parole Officer Cop and Social Worker.