Front: Anglican Church
Back: The Church of England, the state church of the UK, which separated from the Roman Catholic Church in the 16th century.
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Front: Backbenchers
Back: Members of Parliament (MPs) or legislators who do not hold a government office or opposition leadership position and sit behind the front benches in Parliament.
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Front: Bill of Rights
Back: A 1689 act passed by the UK Parliament that limited the powers of the monarchy and established certain civil liberties.
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Front: Boris Johnson
Back: Former Prime Minister of the UK (2019–2022) and leader of the Conservative Party, known for his role in the Brexit referendum.
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Front: Brexit
Back: The withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union, which took place on January 31, 2020.
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Front: Tony Blair
Back: Former Prime Minister of the UK (1997–2007) and leader of the Labour Party, known for his centrist policies and support of the Iraq War.
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Front: Cabinet
Back: A group of senior government ministers chosen by the Prime Minister to head different government departments and advise on policy.
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Front: Coalition Government
Back: A government formed by multiple political parties cooperating, often used when no single party has a majority in Parliament.
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Front: CBI (Confederation of British Industry)
Back: A leading business organization in the UK that represents the interests of businesses and employers.
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Front: Collective Responsibility
Back: The principle that all members of the Cabinet must publicly support all governmental decisions, even if they disagree privately.
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Front: Collectivist Consensus
Back: Post-World War II political consensus in the UK, where both major parties supported a mixed economy and welfare state.
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Front: Common Law
Back: A legal system based on customs, judicial precedents, and case law rather than codified statutes.
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Front: Commonwealth
Back: A political association of 56 member states, most of which were formerly part of the British Empire, promoting cooperation and shared values.
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Front: Conservative Party (Tories)
Back: One of the two major political parties in the UK, traditionally supporting free market policies, national defense, and social conservatism.
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Front: Constitutional Monarchy
Back: A political system where a monarch serves as head of state within the parameters of a constitution, sharing power with elected bodies.
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Front: David Cameron
Back: Former Prime Minister of the UK (2010–2016) and leader of the Conservative Party, known for calling the Brexit referendum.
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Front: Democratic Unionist Party (DUP)
Back: A political party in Northern Ireland that supports maintaining the union with Great Britain and holds socially conservative views.
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Front: Devolution
Back: The transfer of powers from the central government of the UK to regional governments in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
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Front: Euroskeptic
Back: Someone who is critical of the European Union and opposes further European integration or membership.
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Front: First past the post
Back: An electoral system where the candidate with the most votes in a constituency wins, even if they do not have a majority.
---
Front: Fusion of Powers
Back: A political system in which the executive and legislative branches of government are interconnected, as in the UK Parliament.
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Front: Good Friday Agreement
Back: A 1998 peace agreement that helped end the conflict in Northern Ireland by creating a devolved government and establishing cooperation between the Republic of Ireland and the UK.
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Front: Gradualism
Back: The belief that political change should happen slowly and incrementally rather than through radical transformation.
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Front: Great Reform Act
Back: The 1832 law that reformed the electoral system in Britain by extending the franchise to more voters and redistributing seats in Parliament.
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Front: Greater London Assembly
Back: The elected body responsible for scrutinizing the actions of the Mayor of London and developing policies for Greater London.
---
Front: House of Commons
Back: The lower house of the UK Parliament, made up of elected Members of Parliament (MPs), where most legislative work occurs.
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Front: House of Lords
Back: The upper house of the UK Parliament, composed of appointed and hereditary members, with a more limited role in the legislative process.
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Front: Keir Starmer
Back: Current leader of the Labour Party and Current Prime Minister of Parliament, since 2020.
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Front: Labour Party
Back: One of the major political parties in the UK, traditionally supporting social justice, workers' rights, and the welfare state.
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Front: Leader of the Opposition
Back: The head of the largest party not in government in the UK Parliament, responsible for critiquing government policies.
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Front: Liberal Democratic Party
Back: A centrist political party in the UK advocating for social liberalism, civil rights, and electoral reform.
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Front: Liz Truss
Back: Former Prime Minister of the UK (2022), serving for a brief period and known for controversial economic policies.
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Front: Maastricht Treaty
Back: The 1992 treaty that established the European Union and laid the foundation for the euro currency.
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Front: Magna Carta
Back: A 1215 document that limited the power of the English monarch and established certain legal rights for English subjects.
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Front: Margaret Thatcher
Back: Former Prime Minister of the UK (1979–1990) and leader of the Conservative Party, known for free-market policies and privatization.
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Front: MP (Member of Parliament)
Back: An individual elected to represent a constituency in the House of Commons in the UK Parliament.
---
Front: NEDC (National Economic Development Council)
Back: A now-defunct UK council that promoted economic planning and cooperation between government, business, and labor unions.
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Front: NHS (National Health Service)
Back: The publicly funded healthcare system in the UK, providing free or low-cost healthcare services to residents.
---
Front: Nigel Farage
Back: A British politician known for leading the UK Independence Party (UKIP) and advocating for Brexit.
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Front: Nicola Sturgeon
Back: Former First Minister of Scotland and leader of the Scottish National Party (SNP), advocating for Scottish independence.
---
Front: Noblesse Oblige
Back: The concept that those with privilege, especially the nobility, have a responsibility to act generously and charitably toward those less fortunate.
---
Front: Parliamentary Democracy
Back: A system of government where the executive branch derives its legitimacy from and is accountable to the legislature (Parliament), and both branches are interconnected.
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Front: Parliamentary Party
Back: The elected members of a political party who sit in the UK Parliament.
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Front: Parliamentary Supremacy
Back: The principle that Parliament is the supreme legal authority in the UK and can create or end any law.
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Front: Plaid Cymru
Back: A Welsh political party advocating for Welsh independence and the promotion of Welsh language and culture.
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Front: Powers of the Crown
Back: The traditional prerogatives and powers held by the British monarch, such as appointing ministers and issuing royal pardons.
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Front: Prime Minister
Back: The head of government in the UK, responsible for running the government and overseeing the Cabinet.
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Front: Privatization
Back: The process of transferring ownership of public services or assets from the government to private companies.
---
Front: Quango (Quasi-Autonomous Non-Governmental Organization)
Back: A semi-public body in the UK that operates independently of the government but is still funded or regulated by it.
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Front: Question Time
Back: A period during parliamentary sessions where MPs question the Prime Minister and other ministers about government policies and actions.
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Front: Reform UK
Back: A political party in the UK, previously known as the Brexit Party, focusing on further political reform and reducing government bureaucracy.
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Front: Rishi Sunak
Back: Former Prime Minister of the UK, leader of the Conservative Party, and former Chancellor of the Exchequer.
---
Front: Sadiq Khan
Back: Current Mayor of London and member of the Labour Party, known for his work on transportation and housing policies.
---
Front: Scottish National Party (SNP)
Back: A political party in Scotland that advocates for Scottish independence and operates within the devolved Scottish Parliament.
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Front: Shadow Cabinet
Back: The opposition party's alternative to the Cabinet, with members assigned to scrutinize and challenge the policies of their counterparts in government.
---
Front: Single Member District/Plurality
Back: An electoral system in which one representative is elected per district, and the candidate with the most votes wins.
---
Front: Supreme Court
Back: The highest court in the UK, responsible for interpreting laws and ensuring they align with the constitution.
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Front: Thatcherite
Back: Refers to the political ideology of Margaret Thatcher, characterized by free-market policies, reducing the role of the state, and privatization.
---
Front: Third Way
Back: A centrist political ideology that blends elements of the left and right, often associated with Tony Blair’s leadership of the Labour Party.
---
Front: TUC (Trade Union Congress)
Back: A national federation of trade unions in the UK, representing the collective interests of millions
of workers.
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Front: Unitary
Back: A system of government in which a single central government holds most of the power, with limited powers delegated to regional authorities.
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Front: United Kingdom
Back: A country made up of four constituent nations: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
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Front: Vote of no Confidence
Back: A parliamentary vote that, if passed, signifies that the government no longer has the support of the majority, often leading to its resignation.
---
Front: Welfare State
Back: A government that plays a key role in providing social security, healthcare, education, and financial assistance to its citizens.
---
Front: Whitehall
Back: A term used to refer to the UK government’s administrative offices, located in Whitehall, London.
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Front: Whip
Back: A party official responsible for ensuring party discipline, managing MPs' votes, and ensuring attendance during key votes.