Asepsis & Infection control -pptx (1)
Learning objectives after the session:
Explain the infection cycle
List the stages of an infection
Understand the body's defense against infection
Identify factors affecting the risk for infection
Discuss nursing process for infection prevention and control
Explain Medical & Surgical Asepsis
Understand Healthcare-Associated Infections
Identify CDC Guidelines for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals
Concern about spreading microorganisms
Nurses focus on preventing infections
Nurses' role in identifying, preventing, controlling, and educating patients about infections
Definition of infection
Infection cycle components:
Infectious agent
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Means of transmission
Portals of entry
Susceptible host
Types of infectious agents: bacteria, viruses, fungi
Significance of bacteria in healthcare settings
Elements of infection cycle: immunizations, hand hygiene, sterilization, antibiotics
Measures for infection prevention: hand hygiene, wearing gloves, using masks, proper disposal
Reservoirs for microorganisms: humans, animals, soil, food, water, objects
Importance of identifying the portal of exit
Means of transmission: direct, indirect, airborne
Understanding the portal of entry for germs
Susceptibility of hosts to pathogens
Hospital patients are often more susceptible due to weakened health
Stages of infection:
Incubation period
Prodromal stage
Full stage of illness
Convalescent period
Body's defense against infection:
Normal flora
Inflammatory response
Immune response
Normal flora as a defense mechanism
Role of skin and mucous membranes in preventing disease
Inflammatory response as a protective mechanism
Inflammation helps eliminate pathogens and prepares for repair
Immune response as a protective mechanism
Body's defense against foreign proteins and harmful substances
Antigen-antibody reaction in humoral immunity
Factors affecting the risk for infection:
Integrity of skin and mucous membranes
White blood cell count
Age, sex, immunizations, health status, preexisting illnesses, stress level, medical devices
Pulmonary Infections
Decreased cough reflex, lung elasticity, and cilia activity
Abnormal swallowing reflexes
Nursing strategies:
Place patient in a sitting position while eating and drinking
Encourage fluid intake
Encourage coughing and deep breathing or use an incentive spirometer
Urinary Tract Infections
Incomplete bladder emptying and decreased sphincter control
Reduced renal blood flow
Nursing strategies:
Discuss regular voiding intervals with the patient
Encourage fluid intake unless contraindicated
Skin Infections
Increased dryness, thinning of epidermis, decreased vascular supply
Nursing strategies:
Encourage fluid intake
Assist with daily hygiene practices
Apply lotion as needed
Change patient's position every 2 hours
Healthcare practitioners must safeguard individuals by controlling diseases and preventing infection spread.
Vigilant preventive care can reduce exposure to harmful organisms and lower infection occurrence.
Assessing Infections
Localized infection signs: redness, swelling, warmth, pain
Systemic infection signs: fever, increased pulse and respiratory rate, lethargy, anorexia
Laboratory Data Indicating Infection
Elevated white blood cell count
Increase in specific white blood cell types
Presence of pathogens in cultures
Diagnosing Infections
Examples of nursing diagnoses related to infectious processes
Includes imbalanced body temperature, risk for infection, impaired oral mucous membrane
Outcome Identification & Planning
Expected patient outcomes for preventing infection
Includes maintaining normal body temperature, being infection-free, demonstrating effective hygiene practices
Implementing Asepsis
Asepsis practices to prevent infection spread
Medical asepsis and surgical asepsis categories
Hand Hygiene
Five moments for hand hygiene
Importance of maintaining short natural nails
Medical and Surgical Asepsis
Practices to reduce pathogen transfer
Examples of procedures for each type of asepsis
Basic Principles of Medical Asepsis
Hand hygiene, proper disposal of contaminated items, preventing direct contact with body fluids
Proper disposal of soiled items in appropriate containers
Ensuring moist items are wrapped before discarding
Nosocomial Infections
Patients in healthcare facilities develop healthcare-associated infections (HAI)
HAI can be exogenous (from others) or endogenous (from the patient)
Source of Infection
Exogenous infections acquired from others
Endogenous infections from the patient itself
Invasive Medical Devices
Many HAIs traced to invasive devices like urinary catheters, venous access catheters, and respiratory equipment
Common bacteria causing HAIs mentioned
Hand hygiene importance in preventing infection spread
WHO's "Five Movements for Hand Hygiene"
Cleansing Agents
Handwashing with antimicrobial products
Benefits of alcohol-based hand rubs
Alcohol-based Hand Rub
Clinical situations for using alcohol-based hand rubs
Importance of following organizational policy
Controversy on Hand Hygiene
Effectiveness of alcohol hand rubs vs. soap and water for C. difficile spores
This note summarizes age-related changes predisposing to infections, nursing strategies, the nursing process for infection prevention and control, preventing healthcare-associated infections, and hand hygiene practices. It also covers the importance of cleansing agents and controversies in hand hygiene.
Cleansing, disinfecting, and sterilizing help break the cycle of infection and prevent disease.
Disinfection destroys all pathogenic organisms except spores.
Used when preparing the skin for a procedure.
Sterilization destroys all microorganisms including spores.
Usually performed on equipment entering the body.
Healthcare agencies must provide employees with personal protective equipment (PPE) like gloves, gowns, masks, and eye gear to prevent exposure to infectious material.
Leading national public health institute in the US.
Goal is to protect public health and safety by controlling and preventing disease, injury, and disability.
Two levels of precautions: Standard precautions and Transmission-based precautions.
Standard precautions apply to all hospitalized individuals and include Respiratory Hygiene/Cough Etiquette.
Transmission-based precautions are used for patients with suspected infections transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact routes.
OSHA establishes health and safety standards for workers.
Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act requires healthcare providers to provide safer medical devices, educate employees, and keep a sharp injury log.
Nurses must report needle stick injuries or accidental exposure to blood or body fluids immediately.
Includes washing the exposed area, reporting the incident, completing an incident report, and consenting to blood tests.
Evaluation of the plan of care determines if the individual's safety needs are met effectively.
Patient goals must be met for the patient to accomplish the goal depending on the problem.
Assess temperature, monitor WBC count, administer antibiotics, maintain aseptic technique, change wound dressing, dispose of soiled dressings, utilize proper handwashing technique, and monitor signs of infection.
Learning objectives after the session:
Explain the infection cycle
List the stages of an infection
Understand the body's defense against infection
Identify factors affecting the risk for infection
Discuss nursing process for infection prevention and control
Explain Medical & Surgical Asepsis
Understand Healthcare-Associated Infections
Identify CDC Guidelines for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals
Concern about spreading microorganisms
Nurses focus on preventing infections
Nurses' role in identifying, preventing, controlling, and educating patients about infections
Definition of infection
Infection cycle components:
Infectious agent
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Means of transmission
Portals of entry
Susceptible host
Types of infectious agents: bacteria, viruses, fungi
Significance of bacteria in healthcare settings
Elements of infection cycle: immunizations, hand hygiene, sterilization, antibiotics
Measures for infection prevention: hand hygiene, wearing gloves, using masks, proper disposal
Reservoirs for microorganisms: humans, animals, soil, food, water, objects
Importance of identifying the portal of exit
Means of transmission: direct, indirect, airborne
Understanding the portal of entry for germs
Susceptibility of hosts to pathogens
Hospital patients are often more susceptible due to weakened health
Stages of infection:
Incubation period
Prodromal stage
Full stage of illness
Convalescent period
Body's defense against infection:
Normal flora
Inflammatory response
Immune response
Normal flora as a defense mechanism
Role of skin and mucous membranes in preventing disease
Inflammatory response as a protective mechanism
Inflammation helps eliminate pathogens and prepares for repair
Immune response as a protective mechanism
Body's defense against foreign proteins and harmful substances
Antigen-antibody reaction in humoral immunity
Factors affecting the risk for infection:
Integrity of skin and mucous membranes
White blood cell count
Age, sex, immunizations, health status, preexisting illnesses, stress level, medical devices
Pulmonary Infections
Decreased cough reflex, lung elasticity, and cilia activity
Abnormal swallowing reflexes
Nursing strategies:
Place patient in a sitting position while eating and drinking
Encourage fluid intake
Encourage coughing and deep breathing or use an incentive spirometer
Urinary Tract Infections
Incomplete bladder emptying and decreased sphincter control
Reduced renal blood flow
Nursing strategies:
Discuss regular voiding intervals with the patient
Encourage fluid intake unless contraindicated
Skin Infections
Increased dryness, thinning of epidermis, decreased vascular supply
Nursing strategies:
Encourage fluid intake
Assist with daily hygiene practices
Apply lotion as needed
Change patient's position every 2 hours
Healthcare practitioners must safeguard individuals by controlling diseases and preventing infection spread.
Vigilant preventive care can reduce exposure to harmful organisms and lower infection occurrence.
Assessing Infections
Localized infection signs: redness, swelling, warmth, pain
Systemic infection signs: fever, increased pulse and respiratory rate, lethargy, anorexia
Laboratory Data Indicating Infection
Elevated white blood cell count
Increase in specific white blood cell types
Presence of pathogens in cultures
Diagnosing Infections
Examples of nursing diagnoses related to infectious processes
Includes imbalanced body temperature, risk for infection, impaired oral mucous membrane
Outcome Identification & Planning
Expected patient outcomes for preventing infection
Includes maintaining normal body temperature, being infection-free, demonstrating effective hygiene practices
Implementing Asepsis
Asepsis practices to prevent infection spread
Medical asepsis and surgical asepsis categories
Hand Hygiene
Five moments for hand hygiene
Importance of maintaining short natural nails
Medical and Surgical Asepsis
Practices to reduce pathogen transfer
Examples of procedures for each type of asepsis
Basic Principles of Medical Asepsis
Hand hygiene, proper disposal of contaminated items, preventing direct contact with body fluids
Proper disposal of soiled items in appropriate containers
Ensuring moist items are wrapped before discarding
Nosocomial Infections
Patients in healthcare facilities develop healthcare-associated infections (HAI)
HAI can be exogenous (from others) or endogenous (from the patient)
Source of Infection
Exogenous infections acquired from others
Endogenous infections from the patient itself
Invasive Medical Devices
Many HAIs traced to invasive devices like urinary catheters, venous access catheters, and respiratory equipment
Common bacteria causing HAIs mentioned
Hand hygiene importance in preventing infection spread
WHO's "Five Movements for Hand Hygiene"
Cleansing Agents
Handwashing with antimicrobial products
Benefits of alcohol-based hand rubs
Alcohol-based Hand Rub
Clinical situations for using alcohol-based hand rubs
Importance of following organizational policy
Controversy on Hand Hygiene
Effectiveness of alcohol hand rubs vs. soap and water for C. difficile spores
This note summarizes age-related changes predisposing to infections, nursing strategies, the nursing process for infection prevention and control, preventing healthcare-associated infections, and hand hygiene practices. It also covers the importance of cleansing agents and controversies in hand hygiene.
Cleansing, disinfecting, and sterilizing help break the cycle of infection and prevent disease.
Disinfection destroys all pathogenic organisms except spores.
Used when preparing the skin for a procedure.
Sterilization destroys all microorganisms including spores.
Usually performed on equipment entering the body.
Healthcare agencies must provide employees with personal protective equipment (PPE) like gloves, gowns, masks, and eye gear to prevent exposure to infectious material.
Leading national public health institute in the US.
Goal is to protect public health and safety by controlling and preventing disease, injury, and disability.
Two levels of precautions: Standard precautions and Transmission-based precautions.
Standard precautions apply to all hospitalized individuals and include Respiratory Hygiene/Cough Etiquette.
Transmission-based precautions are used for patients with suspected infections transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact routes.
OSHA establishes health and safety standards for workers.
Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act requires healthcare providers to provide safer medical devices, educate employees, and keep a sharp injury log.
Nurses must report needle stick injuries or accidental exposure to blood or body fluids immediately.
Includes washing the exposed area, reporting the incident, completing an incident report, and consenting to blood tests.
Evaluation of the plan of care determines if the individual's safety needs are met effectively.
Patient goals must be met for the patient to accomplish the goal depending on the problem.
Assess temperature, monitor WBC count, administer antibiotics, maintain aseptic technique, change wound dressing, dispose of soiled dressings, utilize proper handwashing technique, and monitor signs of infection.
