KEY CONCEPT

All living things are based on atoms and their interactions.

1. What 3 smaller particles are atoms made of? Draw and label the structure of an atom.

2. Protons, neutrons, and electrons

3. Make a list of elements that are common in the human body.

4. Oxygen(O),sodium(Na),carbon(C),sulfur(S),hydrogen(H), nitrogen(N),calcium(Ca),phosphorus(P),potassium(K),chlorine(CI),and magnesium(Mg)

5. What is a compound? Give some examples.

6. A compound is made of atoms of different elements bonded together.

7. What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?

8. An ionic bond is formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

9. A covalent bond forms when atoms share a pair of electrons.

10. What is the octet rule?

11. The octet rule refers to the tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight electrons in the valence shell.

12. What is a molecular formula?

13. A molecular formula gives the number of atoms  of  the elements present in one specific compound.

14. Describe a chemical reaction.

15. A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances, also called reactants, are converted to one or more different substances, known as products.

16. Properties of Water

17. Universal Solvent

18. Cohesive (cohesion)

19. Adhesive (adhesion)

20. High Specific Heat

21. High Heat of Vaporization

22. Less Dense as a Solid

23. High surface tension

24. Capillary action

25. Why is water polar?

26. It has an unequal distribution of charges.

27. Draw and label a water molecule.

28. 

29. What type of bond holds the water molecule together?

30. Hydrogen bonds

31. How does water bond from one molecule to another? Draw a picture.

32. Cohesion: Hydrogen Bonds Make Water Sticky

33. Compare cc and adhesion.

34. Cohesion-attraction of water with itself

35. Adhesion-attraction of water to other materials

36. Explain surface tension

37. Surface Tension - a measure of the strength of water caused by hydrogen bonding and cohesion.

38. Give an example of capillary action.

39. ex: water entering a plant through the roots and traveling to the stem and leaves.

40. How does water help to maintain homeostasis?

41. Makes a good insulator

42. Resists temperature change

43. Universal solvent

44. Coolant

45. Ice protects against temperature extremes (insulates frozen lakes)

46. Describe and draw a pH scale.

47. 

48. An atom is the smallest basic unit of matter.

49. An element is one type of atom.