Untitled Flashcards Set

Andrew Jackson (early life and political career) - a controversial president, important events from his career includes: the eaton affair, the bank wars, the trail of tears, the missouri compromise, the nullification crisis, the panic of 1837, was a war hero and the general during the battle of new orleans, and loved by the people, leader of the democratic party that broke off from the republicans

Missouri Crisis - missouri wanted to be admitted into the united states as a slave state, but if they happened, there would be an uneven number of slave and free states so the north didn’t want that to happen

Tallmadge Amendment - james tallmadge was an anti-slavery abolitionist that wanted to pass the tallmadge amendment that called for enslaved people over the age of 25 to be freed i think

Henry Clay - henry clay, called the great compromiser after this, said that missouri should be entered as a slave state, but maine, a territory of massachusetts, be admitted as a free state

Missouri Compromise - missouri was admitted as a slave state and maine was admitted as a free state, however this showed the future biggests problem of america would be slavery

Adams-Onís Treaty - after jackson launched an invasion on spanish owned florida, john adams quincy (Secretary of state to james monroe at the time) defended jackson, and persuaded spain to accept the adams onis treaty that would give america florida

Election of 1824 - jackson lost the election of 1824 to john quincy adams, who asked the other presidential candidate, henry clay, to use his position as the speaker of the house of representative to have the house of representatives vote for adams, this was known as the the “corrupt bargain”, after this, jackson’s followers were furious and split off from the democratic republican party, becoming known as the the democratic party

Tariffs - the tariff of 1824 and 1828 made south states really mad as they thought the federal government was favoring the north with the tariffs, the tariffs said that european countries had to pay money to import certain goods into the country, making domestic American factory goods cheaper, europe would create a counter tariff that forced the south to pay more money to import their goods like cotton into europe, this caused south carolina to create the nullification ordinance

Nullification Crisis - the nullification ordinance, written by john c calhoun, said that states didn’t have to follow laws they thought be be unconstitutional, and south carolina didn’t want to follow the tariffs, jackson was mad and in his speech, said that the nullification ordinance was stupid and had no boundary to exist

John C. Calhoun - andrew jackson’s vice president, married to a woman named fluoride calhoun, believed in states’ rights

Eaton Affair - andrew jackson’s secretary of war, john eaton’s wife, peggy, was married when they met and floride calhoun didn’t really like her and convinced her husband and the other wives of the cabinet’s husbands to not meet up because of peggy, this delayed 2 years of jackson’s presidency because his cabinet refused to meet, he had to disband and create a new cabinet

Bank war - jackson vetoed a bill that allowed the bank of america to exist, and transferred the funds to state banks, critics called him his “pet banks”

Panic of 1837 - the direct result of the bank war, america went through an economic recession 

Whig Party - a party that was formed with critics of andrew jackson, they did not like him and called him a “king” because of his excess use of the executive power, and called him a jackass

William Henry Harrison - nominated for whig president candidate, he was famous for defeating shawnee warriors led by tecumseh in the war of 1812, whig leaders looked at him as a candidate with a patriotic appeal

John Tyler - whigs nominated him as vice president to appeal to the southerners, he was a virginia slave owning senator, was previously  on jackson’s side but broke off with him after the nullification crisis 

Freemasonry - an international network of social clubs, originated in medieval europe, an important part of social life for the elites, george washington, benjamin franklin, andrew jackson, and henry clay all claimed membership, the mysterious disappearance and murder of william morgan led to suspicion and outrage against masonry, and people believed that they controlled the republic, an anti-masonic party was formed but then absorbed into the whig party

Race and voting rights - at the time of the revolution, only 2 states limited black voting, but by 1839, almost all states did (the 4 exceptions in the new england region), racial and ethnic resentment led to riots in cities (by the white people)

Industrial Revolution - technological advancements such as the steam engine, steamboat, railroads, cotton mills, cotton gin, steel plow, the north became an industry and factory based economy, lower class women were being hired to work in factories cause they were cheap labor, immigrants also worked in factories

Market Revolution - the causes for the industrial revolution and the transportation revolution, markets expanded and farmers would sell their produce for cash to buy things they couldn’t grow, social class distinctions grew more (wealthy people goals were to keep their wives and children in a domestic environment but poor peoples’ wives and children had to work), north and south sectionalism grew as the north became more industrialized and the south relied on slaves more, the south began justifying their slavery saying that it was a paternal industry and the norths’ “wage slaves” were worst, the north politicians also disliked the souths’ large slave populations that helped them gain advantages politically 

Transportation Revolution - technological advancements helped the transportation revolution, examples: erie canal, steamboats, RAILROADS (the most important as it moved goods and people), helped the market revolution because the markets could expand because of the increase of transportation

Erie Canal - a man-made waterway that connected upstate new york, over the valley of the appalachian mountains, to the great lakes, and to chicago, chicago exists because of the erie canal

Steamboat - a technological advancement that helped transport goods and people over water

Railroads - the most important transportation advancement, railroads connected many cities and helped transport goods and people, more railroads were in the north than the south

Telegraph - created by samuel morse i think, same guy who made morse code, connected people from far away, you could hear each other instantly with the telegraph i think

Gradual abolition - more people protested slavery, most german immigrants were educated and anti-slavery, quakers also were abolitionists, 

Cotton gin - the invention that tied the deep south into slavery, after the creation of the cotton gin (which helped cotton become usable), cotton became the souths’ cash crop and they would export their cotton to north cotton mills or europe’s cotton mills

European immigration - many immigrants came from europe such as irish, germans, and jewish europeans. JOB OPPORTUNITIES Irish: the irish famine created a large wave of irish immigrants, most irish immigrants were poor and only had enough money to get to america so they would settle in coastal cities from where they were brought, it took a few generations for irish people to climb up the social ladder. Germans: most german immigrants came over because of the political tension in germany (the nazi party), most were educated artists, scientists, and scholars and they had an “easier” time settling in america, they brought education reform like kindergartens, playgrounds, bowling alleys, sauerkraut, and many more, most settled in the “west”, now the middle states, on the outskirts. Jewish: many jewish people settled in new york city, escaping from religious persecution, and after ww2, a large number of jewish refugees entered america

Nativism - the belief that “native born” americans are better than immigrants, this came from the large influx of immigration

Know-Nothing Party - came to be because of the fall of the whigs and the increasing sense of nativism in America, at the height of their political power, they had 52? Seats in the house of representatives, as quickly as they came to power, they fell out of power because of the civil war?

Child labor - poor children were working in factories, due to social class divide, rich children didn’t need to work and were instead educated. A public education movement for children was held but truly poor children continued working

Antebellum - the period before the civil war, 1800-1861

Education - education reform and kindergarten came from the german immigrants, and public education was passed for children