Untitled Flashcard Set

Review Guide World History I Online Midterm.  Here is a summary of the test.  The test has 50 questions.  Be sure to look these up in your book, notes, powerpoints or online and be ready!  This is a gift, use it well!  Make sure you  answer any question that has multiple questions. You will not receive full credit if any part of any question is missing.   The questions that say be able to identify do not require an answer just know the material.. for example - #15

1. When did we change from hunting and gathering to farming

   1. 10,000 BCE, NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION

2. What are the changes brought about by the Neolithic age?

   1. agriculture/farming

   2. domestication of animals

   3. settlements/villages

   4. population growth

   5. specialized labor and trade

   6. govt + religon

3. What is the purpose of a ziggurat; pyramid, great wall, and obelisk (identify a visual)?

   1. Zigguraut is a center for religion/government

2. Pyramid is an Egyptian tomb for pharaohs and treated as a pathway to the afterlife

3. Great Wall is the defense against invasions in China

4. Obelisk is a tall monument that honored gods/rules

4. Why were animals domesticated?

   1. provide food, labor, clothing transportation, and companionship

5. What is similar between the Paleolithic and Neolithic ages?

   1. stone tools, hunting/fishing, some form of social organization

6. Where was the first civilization located near? (region, River?)

   1. Mesopotamia, near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. in the Fertile Crescent

7. Where are the 4 river valleys located? (map skills)

   1. Mesopotamia - Tigris & Euphrates (Middle East)

   2. Egypt - Nile (Northeast Africa)

   3. Indus Valley - Indus River (India/Pakistan)

   4. China - Yellow River/Huang He (East Asia)

8. Be able to identify a visual of a ziggurat, pyramid, great wall, obelisk

9. Why is the Code of Hammurabi so important an achievement?

   1. first written legal code

10. Why did Egyptians build tombs and mummify the dead?

    1. believed that mummification would preserve the body for the soul and they believed in the afterlife

11. Who ruled Mesopotamia?  Egypt?  What is the difference between the rulers

    1. Mesopotamia - city state kings, changed often and were usually warriors

    2. Egypt - Pharaohs who were seen as god-kings

12. What are the natural barriers that protected Egypt?

    1. Deserts and the Nile

13. Most Mesopotamians and Egyptians were from what class?

    1. Peasants/farmers

14. What is the movement of people tech and ideas from one civ to another called?

    1.  Cultural Diffusion

15. Describe the Dynastic cycle in all 4 stages

    1. New dynasty - mandate of heaven

    2. period of prosperity

    3. period of decline

    4. dynasty loses mandate of heaven

16. Describe the key words that go with the Chinese schools of thought, Legalism, Daoism, Confucianism

    1. Legalism - strict laws, harsh punishments, order

    2. Daoism - harmony with nature, simplicity

    3. Confucianism - family, respect, social order, ethics

17. What is the difference between Hieroglyphics, Chinese ideographs, Cuneiform and Phonetic writing?  Be able to identify a visual of  these 

    1. Hieroglyphics - uses pictures to convey meaning

    2. Chinese ideographs - symbols representing ideas/objects

    3. Cuneiform - wedge-shaped clay symbols

4. Phonetic writing - letters/sounds

18. Identify an excerpt from the code of Hammurabi

    1. an eye for an eye, punishments based on social class (282 laws)

19. Be able to identify the yellow river *Huang he, Tigris and Euphrates, Nile and Indus river and their accompanying civs on a map

    1. Huang He -> China

    2. Tigris and Euphrates -> Mesopotamia

    3. Nile -> Egypt

    4. Indus River -> Indus valley

20. What was the Hebrews most important contribution to the world?

    1. Monotheism

21. Who received the 10 commandments?

    1. Moses

22. Why is Abraham a father of 3 of the 5 Major world religions?

    1. Ancestor of Judaism, Christianity, Islam

23. What is the Diaspora?

    1. Scattering of Jewish people

24. What natural barrier separates India and China?

    1. HImilayas

25. Know that the Harrapans had well planned cities (Indus valley)

    1. grid layout + plumbing + well planned

26. What are the 4 levels of  the Hindu caste system

    1. Brahmins - priests

    2. Kshatriyas - warriors

    3. Vaishyas - merchants/farmers

    4. Shudras - laborers

27. What are the Hindu holy books called?

    1. Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita

28. What tech did ONLY the Chinese have and keep secret for 1000 years? Hint you make it from the cocoons of worms

    1. Silk

29. Which dynasty of China brought feudalism and the concept of the mandate of heaven?

    1. Zhou Dynasty

30. What is feudalism? Why did it weaken the Zhou dynasty?

    1. when nobles govern land in exchange for loyalty/military service

    2. decentralization and power struggle

31. What is calligraphy ( Chinese)

    1. Artistic handwriting

32. Why is the yellow river the river of sorrows?

    1. frequent flooding

33. Why did the Chinese call themselves the middle kingdom?  What geography contributes to this?

    1. Believed china was the center of the world as it had natural barriers isolating it

34. What is similar between Buddhism and Hinduism?

    1. Reincarnation, karma, dharma, moksha/nirvana

35. What is the difference between Buddhism and Hinduism?

    1. Hinduism- caste system + multiple gods

    2. Buddhism - no caste system, seeks nirvana, has a founder (Buddha -- Siddartha Gautama)

36. Describe the following Hindu terms, Atman, Karma, Moksha, Dharma, Ahimsa, Varnas (Caste) Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva, Parvati

    1. Atman - soul/self

    2. Karma - actions + consequences

    3. Moksha - liberation from cycle of rebirth

    4. Dharma - duty/righteousness

    5. Ahimsa - nonviolence

    6. Varnas - caste

    7. Brahma - creator god

    8. Vishnu - preserver god

    9. Shiva - destroyer god

    10. Parvati - goddess of fertility/love

37. Describe the following Buddhist terms, Ahimsa, Nirvana, Theravada, Mahayana, Sangha, Stupa

    1. Ahmisa - nonvoilence

    2. Nirvana - ultimate enlightenment

    3. Theravada - strict buddhism - og

    4. Mahyana - popular Buddhism - more about family

    5. Sangha - community of monks/nuns

    6. Stupa - religious monument

38. What are the achievements of the Qin dynasty?  What School of thought did they operate by?

    1. Great Wall, standardized weights/measures, legalist rule, Terracotta Army

39. What are the achievements of the Han dynasty?  What school of thought did they operate by?

    1. Confucianism, Silk Road trade, civil service exams, paper invention

40. Describe the following associated with the Han- Silk Road, Confucian Exam, Meritocracy

    1. Silk Road - trade route connecting china

    2. Confucian exam - merit based government

    3. Meritocracy - officials were chosen by ability

41. How did the geography of Greece affect its development?

    1. Mountains -> city state, seas gained trade and naval power

42. Describe some of the structures built during the Golden Age of Greece

    1. Parthenon, Acropolis, theaters, statues

43. Who was excluded from Athenian Democracy- thus making it limited direct democracy

    1. Women, slaves, foreigners (metics)

44. Compare direct democracy and representative democracy

    1. Direct - citizens vote on all laws

    2. Representative - citizens elect officials

45. Why were the Greeks so dependent on trade by sea?

    1. Mountains made travel hard and there was limited fertile land

46. Be able to identify a visual of the Parthenon and the Acropolis of Athens

47. Who is the hellenistic scientist who was the father of Modern Medicine?

    1. Hippocrates

48. Know the importance and purpose of Roman Roads

    1. Connected empire + facilitated trade & military

49. Who preceded the Romans and taught them the arch, aqueducts, gladiator combat?

    1. Estruscans

50. Describe the social classes of the Roman Republic

    1. Patricians (nobles), Plebians (commonors), slaves

51. Compare the checks and balances of the Roman  Senate, Consuls, Tribunes

    1. Senate - patrician power

    2. Consuls - 2 executives w/ military + political power

    3. Tribunes - protect plebeians veto power

52. Why did Hannibal cross the Alps?

    1. to attack rome from the north during second punic war

53. What did the Romans offer to local leaders after conquest?

    1. Citizenship, autonomy, trade rights

54. Which laws gave rights to the Plebeians?

    1. Twelve Tables

55. Who are the mythical founders of Rome?  What sculpture (visual) shows this?

    1. Romulus & Remus

    2. She-wolf

56. Who is the founder of Christianity?

    1. Jesus of Nazareth

57. What part of the Bible contains the gospels?

    1. New Testament

58. Who spread Christianity to the gentiles?

    1. Paul the Apostle

59. Who started the Roman persecution of Christians ?

    1. Emperor Nero

60. Who gave them religious toleration?  By what law?

    1. Emperor Constantine, Edict of Milan (313 CE)

61. Describe the Pax Romana?

    1. 200 year period of peace, stability, and prosperity in Rome

62. Describe the following engineering achievements and places in Rome. Concrete, Coliseum, Forum,  Circus Maximus- ( be able to identify a picture of them)

    1. Concrete - durable building material

2. Coliseum - entertainment + gladiators

3. Forum - public + political center

4. Circus Maxiums - chariot races

63. Identify a visual of the Pantheon, Colosseum, Roman Forum

64. What factors caused the fall of Rome?

    1. Political decline

    2. Invasions

    3. Economic decline

    4. Social cultural decline