List three (3) things that happen to air when it enters the nasal cavity.

• air enters the cavities, it is warmed, filtered, and moistened.

What are cilia? What do they do?

1. filter inhaled air to trap dust and other particles

Name the three (3) sections of the pharynx.

• nasopharynx

• oropharynx

• laryngopharynx

How is speech produced?

• As air leaves the lungs, the vocal cords vibrate and produce sound. The tongue and lips act on the sound to produce speech.

6. What prevents food and liquids from entering the respiratory tract?

• epiglottis

The alveoli contain a rich network of __blood capillaries__They allow for the exchange of

and between the bloodstream and the lungs.The inner

surfaces of the alveoli are covered with a lipid substance called the surfactant alveoli from collapsing.

Why is the left lung smaller than the right lung?

• The left lung is smaller because the heart is located toward the left side of the chest

Describe what is happening during each of the following phases of respiration. Be sure to include the actions of the muscles during each phase. a. inspiration:is the process of breathing in air. The diaphragm (dome-shaped muscle between the thoracic and abdominal cavities) and the intercostal muscles (between the ribs) contract and enlarge the thoracic cavity to create a vacuum. Air rushes in through the airways to the alveoli, where the exchange of gases takes place.

b. expiration: When the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, the process of [expiration](javascript://) (exhalation) occurs. Air is forced out of the lungs and air passages.

How does external respiration differ from internal respiration?

• External respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and bloodstream.

• Internal respiration is the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the tissue cells and the bloodstream

What is cellular respiration?

• The cells then use the oxygen and nutrients to produce energy, water, and carbon dioxide.

What causes the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata of the brain to increase the rate of respirations?

• An increased amount of carbon dioxide in the blood, or a decreased amount of oxygen as seen in certain diseases.

What is CPAP? Why is it used?

• a continuous positive airway pressure, is used to deliver pressure to the airway to keep the airway open while the individual sleeps