Untitled Flashcards Set

IB HotA : Role of Dr Martin Luther King Jr in the civil rights movement; 

the rise of radical African American activism (1965–1968): 

Black Panthers; Black Power and Malcolm X; 

role of governments in civil rights movements in the Americas



  • Role of MLK

    • Theory of nonviolence - useful if the violence is committed against peaceful protestors - helped gain allies and alienate people who sympathized with segregation.

    • Roles - organizer, speaker, figure head, prisoner, author, father, preacher, etc…etc…etc…

    • SCLC - Ralph Abernathy, CT Vivian, Fred Shuttlesworth, Andrew Young and King form the inner circle of the Southern Christian Leadership Confrence

    • Albany, GA - Fall 1962 into early Winter 1963 - a failure because Police Chief Pritchett made arrangements to jail all the protestors in a non-brutal fashion

    • Project C - Spring 1963 “C” stands for Confrontation. Children we're used o protest segregation in BIRMINGHAM, AL. Police Chief “Bull” Connor

    • March on Washington - august 28th, 1963 - 250,000 citizens peacefully assemble in DC - symbolic - USFG begins to actually act after this - leads to the BIG THREE accomplishments of the Civil Rights Era

    • Vietnam - NOT GONNA ASK ABOUT!!!!

    • Poor People’s Campaign - NOT GONNA ASK ABOUT!!!!

    • Assassination and aftermath - NOT GONNA ASK ABOUT!!!!



  • Rise of Radical African American Activism - 1965-1968

    • The Nation of Islam (NOI) - founded in 1931

      • NOT mainstream Islam - rather a radical offshoot - these are Muslims, but they practice a raadical political version of Islam

      • Viewed as an extremist group by the USFG

      • NOT intergrationsists - actually worked with the KKK to live seperately

      • Recruit members rom prisons - the message is Islam as a way to black redemption. 

      • STRICT behavior rules: NO smoking, no drinking, no premarital sex, dierary restrictions (no pork), no drugs

    • Malcolm X - Chief Spokesperson for the NOI - kicked out of the group after comments about JFK assasination

      • Black Nationalism - His main philosophy - radical self-reliance: that the black community should control its own economy and politics without the help or support of the white power structure

      • Hajj and after - Summer 1964 after traveling in Africa and Saudia Arabia, he changed his mind about working with other groups - INCLUDING MLK

      • Assassination - February 21st, 1965 killed by 4 NOI members facilitated by the NYC Police and FBI

    • Radicalization of SNCC

      • Stokeley Carmichael - SNCC leader who coined the phrase “Black Power” on the March Against Fear in 1966

      • H. Rap Brown - SNCC leader who allied with the Black Panthers

      • BLACK POWER MOVEMENT: A slogan started in 1966 that became a rallying cry through the 1970’s - a royce of racial pride and            reclaiming / redefining black culture, BUT it was not well defined and alienated and many white sympathizers 

    • The Black Panther Party for Self Defense - formed October, 1966 in Oakland, California

      • Mission: Mainly a community services organization to provide things like free breakfast for children, education programs, free health clinics, legal help, AND self-defense against police brutality

      • Huey Newton -  Co-Founder and law student

      • Bobby Seale - Co-Founder and main leader that helped start chapters in other cities

      • Fred Hampton - 21 year old Leader of the Chicago chapter of the Black Panther party (BPP) - He was assassinated by the Chicago police and the FBI (Counterintelligence Program - COINTELPRO) on December 4th, 1969 

      • okay hiii this is like my own notes now not from goodbrake

      • former NAACP youth organizer - went to prison for FIVE YEARSSSS???? for stealing ice cream…..

      • COINTELPRO deemed the BPP as the biggest threat to the U.S. national security 

      • FBI hired a black man to spy and snitch on the BPP by giving the FBI where they keep their files, where they meet yk yk yk

      • he eventually gained membership and got close to fred and gave the FBI info on where and when to kill him, which they did - the police argued that there was fire back and forth but there was only one bullet shot from the BPP and like 100s from the police

      • the police said he was barely gonna make it then shot him three more times 

      • the other BPP members were charged for attempted assault even tho they didn't do anything

      • the police burned the office of the BPP and burned food and cereal

      • the community helped reopen the office and brought supplies



EXTRA NOTES

BIG THREE 

  • 24th amendment - ends poll tax

  1. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964: ends discrimination in ALL accommodation, USFG can sue states over school desegregation, outlawed employment segregation based on race, sex, religion

  2. VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965: eliminated literacy test, fed supervision of elections



The role of governments in civil rights movements in the Americas

  • Federal Government - Legislative Branch

    • Civil rights act of 1957: established Civil Rights Commission and division within DOJ, efforts to protect voting rights

    • Civil Rights Act of 1960: courts can enforce voting practices, criminal penalties for bombing / threats

    • 24th amendment - ends Poll Tax 

    • CIVIL RIGHTS ACT of 1964: ends discrimination in ALL public accommodations, USFG can sue states over school desegregation, outlawed employment discrimination based on race, sex, or religion

    • VOTING RIGHTS ACT of 1965: eliminated literacy test, fed supervision of elections