Organic Chemistry: How to Name Organic Compounds.

SOURCES: IB CHEMISTRY TEXTBOOK, 4.1.1 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY BASIC CONCEPTS BOOKLET

PLEASE NOTE: These notes are just on naming organic compounds, not on organic chemistry. For organic chemistry flashcards, see here: https://knowt.com/flashcards/0f1ef27c-5d81-46b1-8bed-a22f87ada005

Definitions:

• Molecular formula;

  • The actual number of atoms in a formula (intergers).

  • e.g. Butane, C₄H₁₀

• Empirical formula;

  • The smallest interger ratio of atoms in a compound.

  • e.g. Butane, C₂H₅

• General formula;

  • An algebraic formula to find the molecular formula of any member of a homologous series.

  • e.g. Alkane, C_nH_2n+2

• Structural formula;

  • Minimal structure displayed, but still showing the atomic arrangement.

  • e.g. Butane, CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃ or CH₃(CH₂)₂CH₃

• Skeletal formula;

  • A simplified formula made by removing the hydrogen atom depictions and rplacing the carbons with dots, and joining them up to form a zig-zag.

  • e.g. Butane, /\/

• Displayed formula;

  • A type of structural representation that shows all the atoms and the bonds between them.

  • e.g. Butane; (There’s no way to make it smaller)

    

• Homoloogous series;