Polymer: Molecules and Extended Structures Study Guide

Polymer: Molecules and Extended Structures Study Guide

Definitions

  1. Atomic Composition

    • Definition: The types and quantities of atoms that make up a molecule or compound.

    • Significance: Understanding atomic composition helps in determining the chemical properties and reactivity of substances.

  2. Chemical Structure

    • Definition: The arrangement of atoms within a molecule including the bonds between them.

    • Importance: Chemical structure influences the physical and chemical behavior of a substance.

  3. Key Terms

    • Molecule:

      • A group of two or more atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.

    • Extended Structure:

      • A structure that consists of repeating units or patterns that extend in three-dimensional space, such as crystals or polymers.

    • Chemical Bond:

      • A lasting attraction between atoms, ions, or molecules that enables the formation of chemical compounds.

      • Types of chemical bonds include ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds.

    • Model:

      • A representation of an object, system, or concept that helps explain its properties and behavior.

    • Crystal:

      • A solid material whose atoms are arranged in a highly ordered, repeating pattern.

Molecular Differences

  1. Same Number of Atoms but Different Molecules

    • Example: Carbon can exist in different forms such as graphite and diamond.

      • Graphite: Carbon atoms are arranged in layers, allowing them to slide over each other, which gives graphite its lubricating properties.

      • Diamond: Carbon atoms are arranged in a three-dimensional tetrahedral structure, resulting in a hard and rigid substance.

    • Conclusion: Even with the same number of atoms, differences in the arrangement can lead to vastly different properties.

Molecular Shape and Properties

  1. Difference in Shape Between Two Molecules

    • The shape of a molecule can differ due to:

      • Bond Angles: The angle between two bonds in a molecule, which affects the overall shape.

      • Bond Lengths: The distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms, influencing spatial arrangement.

      • Functional Groups: The presence of different groups of atoms can alter spatial orientation and molecular geometry.

  2. Drawing a Model with the Same Atomic Composition

    • Task: Draw a different model that retains the same atomic composition but exhibits different properties.

    • Color Coding for Elements:

      • Carbon (C) = Black

      • Hydrogen (H) = White

      • Oxygen (O) = Red

    • Example Drawings: (Provide a diagram showcasing alternate arrangements.)

Extended Structure Subunits

  1. Subunit of an Extended Structure

    • Definition: A smaller, repeating unit that comprises an extended structure, often displaying specific symmetry or organization.

    • Identification: Recognize a subunit in diagrams or images provided in study materials.

Atomic Composition and Chemical Structure Analysis

  1. Atomic Composition and Chemical Structure

    • Task: Analyze images to provide atomic composition and chemical structure.

    • Image 1:

      • Atomic Composition: (To be filled out based on the given image)

      • Chemical Structure: (To be filled out based on the given image)

    • Image 2:

      • Atomic Composition: (To be filled out based on the given image)

      • Chemical Structure: (To be filled out based on the given image)

Review Materials

  • Interactive Notebook: Be sure to review and interpret notes taken during classes.

  • Text Readings in TCI: Utilize your textbook readings for additional context and examples related to polymers and molecular structures.

  • Interpretation Skills: Be prepared to carefully read diagrams and structural representations.