516d ago

7.2 - Imperialism Debates

In what ways were the attitudes of imperialists different from and the same as the attitudes of anti-imperialists?

  • American imperialism takes the form of economic imperialism.

    • Annexation (except Hawaii)

Main Causes of WW1

M - Militarism

A - Alliances
I - Imperialism / Industrialization

N - Nationalism



  • Get out of 1930-1940 Great Depression with war



The Global Stage

Historical Context

  • REVIEW - Monroe Doctrine of 1823

    • The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 was a U.S. foreign policy statement that declared the Americas off-limits for future colonization by European powers. It also stated that any attempt by European nations to interfere in the affairs of the newly independent countries in the Americas would be seen as a threat to the United States. The doctrine aimed to protect the sovereignty and independence of the American nations and establish the United States as the dominant power in the Western Hemisphere.


  • American wanted to compete with European colonization efforts

  • Industrialization created need for raw materials and new global markets.

  • 1890 Census revealed the West is “closed.”

Imperialists

Arguments for Expansion

  • Spread democracy to “uncivilized” parts of the world

  • Social Darwinism

  • Access to new markets to sell manufactured goods

  • Compete with Europeans

  • Need an outlet for opportunities



Arguments Against Expansion

  • Respect other country’s sovereignty

  • Should not engage in aggression to gain access to global trade

  • Honor the tradition of isolationism

    • The tradition of isolationism in the imperialist debates in APUSH refers to the belief and policy of avoiding entanglement in foreign affairs and maintaining a focus on domestic issues. It was a prominent viewpoint during the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the United States, particularly about expansionism and involvement in global conflicts. Isolationists argued for non-intervention and prioritizing national interests over international involvement.


  • However: shared some racial ideologies of the imperialists

    • Not fit/capable of taking on democratic ideals




Arguments for Imperialism

  • Economic Opportunities

    • Sugar and fruit in Hawaii

    • Queen Liliuokalani overthrown, attempts at annexation

    • Search for new consumers and markets in China

  • Racial Theories

    • Josiah Strong’s Our Country, paternalistic view based on Social Darwinism

    • Rudyard Kipling’s “White Man’s Burden”

  • Competition with European Empires

    • Latin American countries with debt problems → Roosevelt Corollary on Monroe Doctrine

      • The Roosevelt Corollary was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine, introduced by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1904. It stated that the United States had the right to intervene in the affairs of Latin American countries to maintain stability and protect its economic interests.


    • Europe colonizing African continent

    • Need for better naval power, Alfred Thayer Mana’s The Influence of Sea Power Upon History

  • Perception of “closed frontier

    • Turner’s “Frontier Thesis”

      • Turner's Frontier Thesis was a theory proposed by historian Frederick Jackson Turner in 1893. It argued that the existence of a frontier in American history played a crucial role in shaping the nation's character and democracy. Turner believed that the frontier experience fostered individualism, independence, and a unique American identity. He argued that as the frontier closed, it had profound implications for the future of American society.

      • Need to expand markets overseas


Anti-Imperialists

  • Self-determination

    • Elements in founding documents

  • Racial Theories

    • Madison Grant’s The Passing of the Great Race argues that the Nordic race would be diluted or extinct

    • Some anti-imperialists rejected those theories as basis for opposition

  • Isolationism

    • George Washington’s Farewell Address

      • George Washington's Farewell Address was a speech he gave in 1796 at the end of his second term as the first President of the United States. He warned against political factions, foreign alliances, and excessive debt. Washington stressed unity, patriotism, and preserving the Constitution. His address is a significant part of American political history.


    • Expensive to build up navy, defend conquered territory, possiblity of war

  • Anti-Imperialist League

    • Notable members: William Jennings Bryan, Jane Addams, Mark Twain


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7.2 - Imperialism Debates

In what ways were the attitudes of imperialists different from and the same as the attitudes of anti-imperialists?

  • American imperialism takes the form of economic imperialism.

    • Annexation (except Hawaii)

Main Causes of WW1

M - Militarism

A - Alliances
I - Imperialism / Industrialization

N - Nationalism


  • Get out of 1930-1940 Great Depression with war


The Global Stage

Historical Context

  • REVIEW - Monroe Doctrine of 1823

    • The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 was a U.S. foreign policy statement that declared the Americas off-limits for future colonization by European powers. It also stated that any attempt by European nations to interfere in the affairs of the newly independent countries in the Americas would be seen as a threat to the United States. The doctrine aimed to protect the sovereignty and independence of the American nations and establish the United States as the dominant power in the Western Hemisphere.

  • American wanted to compete with European colonization efforts

  • Industrialization created need for raw materials and new global markets.

  • 1890 Census revealed the West is “closed.”

Imperialists

Arguments for Expansion

  • Spread democracy to “uncivilized” parts of the world

  • Social Darwinism

  • Access to new markets to sell manufactured goods

  • Compete with Europeans

  • Need an outlet for opportunities


Arguments Against Expansion

  • Respect other country’s sovereignty

  • Should not engage in aggression to gain access to global trade

  • Honor the tradition of isolationism

    • The tradition of isolationism in the imperialist debates in APUSH refers to the belief and policy of avoiding entanglement in foreign affairs and maintaining a focus on domestic issues. It was a prominent viewpoint during the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the United States, particularly about expansionism and involvement in global conflicts. Isolationists argued for non-intervention and prioritizing national interests over international involvement.

  • However: shared some racial ideologies of the imperialists

    • Not fit/capable of taking on democratic ideals



Arguments for Imperialism

  • Economic Opportunities

    • Sugar and fruit in Hawaii

    • Queen Liliuokalani overthrown, attempts at annexation

    • Search for new consumers and markets in China

  • Racial Theories

    • Josiah Strong’s Our Country, paternalistic view based on Social Darwinism

    • Rudyard Kipling’s “White Man’s Burden”

  • Competition with European Empires

    • Latin American countries with debt problems → Roosevelt Corollary on Monroe Doctrine

      • The Roosevelt Corollary was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine, introduced by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1904. It stated that the United States had the right to intervene in the affairs of Latin American countries to maintain stability and protect its economic interests.

    • Europe colonizing African continent

    • Need for better naval power, Alfred Thayer Mana’s The Influence of Sea Power Upon History

  • Perception of “closed frontier

    • Turner’s “Frontier Thesis”

      • Turner's Frontier Thesis was a theory proposed by historian Frederick Jackson Turner in 1893. It argued that the existence of a frontier in American history played a crucial role in shaping the nation's character and democracy. Turner believed that the frontier experience fostered individualism, independence, and a unique American identity. He argued that as the frontier closed, it had profound implications for the future of American society.

      • Need to expand markets overseas

Anti-Imperialists

  • Self-determination

    • Elements in founding documents

  • Racial Theories

    • Madison Grant’s The Passing of the Great Race argues that the Nordic race would be diluted or extinct

    • Some anti-imperialists rejected those theories as basis for opposition

  • Isolationism

    • George Washington’s Farewell Address

      • George Washington's Farewell Address was a speech he gave in 1796 at the end of his second term as the first President of the United States. He warned against political factions, foreign alliances, and excessive debt. Washington stressed unity, patriotism, and preserving the Constitution. His address is a significant part of American political history.

    • Expensive to build up navy, defend conquered territory, possiblity of war

  • Anti-Imperialist League

    • Notable members: William Jennings Bryan, Jane Addams, Mark Twain