bio eoc

NATURE OF SCIENCE

• SC.912.N.1.1 Scientific Method
  • Understand the steps of the scientific method: observation, hypothesis, experiment, data analysis, and conclusion.
  • Know the difference between independent and dependent variables.
  • Understand the importance of controls and constants in an experiment.

MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY (35% OF TEST)

• SC.912.L.14.1 Cell Theory
  • All living things are composed of cells.
  • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
  • All cells are produced from other cells.
• SC.912.L.14.3 Cell Structure
  • Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells: Understand the structural differences.
  • Organelles: Know the function of each organelle (nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles).
• SC.912.L.16.3 DNA Replication
  • Understand the process of DNA replication (semi-conservative).
  • Know the role of enzymes like DNA polymerase and ligase.
• SC.912.L.16.17 Mitosis and Meiosis
  • Mitosis: Cell division for growth and repair (produces identical cells).
  • Meiosis: Cell division for sexual reproduction (produces genetically different cells).
  • Understand the phases of mitosis and meiosis.
  • Know the difference between haploid and diploid cells.
• SC.912.L.18.1 Macromolecules
  • Carbohydrates: Function as a primary energy source and provide structure in plants.
  • Lipids: Include fats, oils, and phospholipids; important for energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane structure.
  • Proteins: Involved in various functions, including enzymes, structural components, and immune responses.
  • Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA; carry genetic information.
• SC.912.l.18.9 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
  • Photosynthesis: Conversion of light energy into chemical energy (glucose).
    • $6CO<em>2 + 6H</em>2O \rightarrow C<em>6H</em>{12}O<em>6 + 6O</em>2$
  • Cellular Respiration: Breakdown of glucose to release energy (ATP).
    • $C<em>6H</em>{12}O<em>6 + 6O</em>2 \rightarrow 6CO<em>2 + 6H</em>2O + ATP$
  • Understand the role of ATP as the energy currency of the cell.
• SC.912.L.18.12 Properties of Water
  • Cohesion: Attraction between water molecules.
  • Adhesion: Attraction between water molecules and other substances.
  • High Specific Heat: Water resists changes in temperature.
  • Solvent Properties: Water can dissolve many substances.

ORGANISMS, POPULATIONS AND ECOSYSTEMS (40% OF TEST)

• SC.912.L.14.7 Plant Structure
  • Roots: Absorb water and nutrients from the soil.
  • Stems: Provide support and transport substances.
  • Leaves: Site of photosynthesis.
  • Vascular Tissue: Xylem (transports water) and phloem (transports nutrients).
• SC.912.L.14.26 The Brain
  • Cerebrum: Controls voluntary movements, sensory perception, and higher-level thinking.
  • Cerebellum: Coordinates movement and balance.
  • Brain Stem: Controls basic life functions (breathing, heart rate).
• SC.912.L.14.36 Cardiovascular System
  • Heart: Pumps blood throughout the body.
  • Blood Vessels: Arteries, veins, and capillaries.
  • Blood: Transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products.
• SC.912.L.14.52 Immune System
  • Innate Immunity: Non-specific defenses (skin, mucous membranes).
  • Adaptive Immunity: Specific defenses (antibodies, T cells, B cells).
• SC.912.L.16.10 Biotechnology
  • Genetic Engineering: Modifying an organism's DNA.
  • Cloning: Creating a genetically identical copy of an organism.
  • PCR: Amplifying DNA sequences.
• SC.912.L.16.13 Reproductive System
  • Male Reproductive System: Produces sperm and hormones.
  • Female Reproductive System: Produces eggs and hormones; site of fertilization and development.
• SC.912.L.17.5 Population Size
  • Factors Affecting Population Size: Birth rate, death rate, immigration, and emigration.
  • Carrying Capacity: The maximum number of individuals that an environment can support.
• SC.912.L.17.9 Food Webs and Energy Transfer
  • Producers: Autotrophs that make their own food (plants).
  • Consumers: Heterotrophs that obtain energy by eating other organisms.
  • Decomposers: Break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients.
  • Trophic Levels: The position an organism occupies in a food web.
  • Understand the 10% rule of energy transfer.
• SC.912.L.17.20 Human Impact
  • Pollution: Air, water, and land pollution.
  • Deforestation: Clearing forests for other uses.
  • Climate Change: Changes in Earth's climate due to human activities.

CLASSIFICATION, HEREDITY AND EVOLUTION (25% OF TEST)

• SC.912.L.15.1 Evolution
  • Evidence of Evolution: Fossils, comparative anatomy, embryology, and molecular biology.
• SC.912.l.15.6 Classification
  • Taxonomic Hierarchy: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
  • Binomial Nomenclature: Two-name naming system (Genus species).
• SC.912.L.15.8 Origin of Life
  • Early Earth Conditions: Understand the conditions on early Earth.
  • Miller-Urey Experiment: Simulated early Earth conditions and produced organic molecules.
• SC.912.L.15.13 Natural Selection
  • Principles of Natural Selection: Variation, inheritance, differential survival, and adaptation.
• SC.912.L.16.1 Genetics
  • Mendelian Genetics: Principles of inheritance (segregation, independent assortment).
  • Punnett Squares: Used to predict the probability of offspring genotypes and phenotypes.
  • DNA and RNA Structure: Nucleotides, base pairing (A-T, C-G, A-U).

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

• The Biology EOC is in May.
• The exam is on a computer or Chromebook.
• There are between 60 and 66 multiple-choice questions.
• You have 160 minutes with a