Allied Health Study Guide | CHP. 3

Terms:

Appendicular Skeleton - Makes body movement possible and also protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction.
Articular Cartilage - Covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints.
Axial Skeleton - Protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems.
Compact Bone - Also known as cortical bone, is the dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones.
Diaphysis - The shaft of a long bone.
Epiphyses - The wider ends of long bones such as the femurs of the legs (singular epiphysis).
Flat Bone - Made up of a layer of spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bone.
Irregular Bone - Vary in shape and structure and therefore do not fit into any other category
Long Bone - A bone that has a shaft and 2 ends and is longer than it is wide
Red Bone Marrow - Located within the spongy bone, is a hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes.
Sesamoid Bone - A small bone commonly found embedded within a muscle or tendon near joint surfaces
Short Bone - Shaped roughly as a cube and contain mostly spongy bone
Metacarpals - The five bones that form the palms of the hand.
Metatarsals - Form that part of the foot to which the toes are attached.
Tendon (ch 4) - A cord of strong, flexible tissue, similar to a rope
Yellow Bone Marrow - Functions as a fat storage area, located in the medullary cavity of long bones.
Arthroscopy - The visual examination of the internal structure of a joint.
Ankylosis - The loss or absence of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury, or a surgical procedure.
Arthrodesis - Also known as surgical ankylosis, is the surgical fusion (joining together) of two bones to stiffen a joint, such as an ankle, elbow, or shoulder.
Compression Fracture - Also known as a vertebral crush fracture, occurs when the bone is pressed together (compressed) on itself.
Costochondritis - An inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum.
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis - An autoimmune disorder that affects children ages 16 years or less with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue.
Laminectomy - The surgical removal of a lamina or posterior portion of a vertebra.
Lordosis - An abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine.
Open Fracture - Also known as a compound fracture, is one in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin.
Osteoarthritis - Also known as wear-and-tear arthritis, is most commonly associated with aging.
Osteoporosis - A marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging.
Osteomyelitis - An inflammation of bone marrow and adjacent bone
Paget’s Disease - Also known as osteitis deformans, is a bone disease of unknown cause.
Pathologic Fracture - Occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain.
Podiatrist - Holds a Doctor of Podiatry (DP) or Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (DPM) degree and specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot.
Orthopedic Surgeon - Also known as an orthopedist, a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles.
Prosthesis - A substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as leg that has been amputee (plural, prostheses)
Orthotics - A mechanical appliance such as a leg brace or a splint, that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function.
Rheumatoid Arthritis - A chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked.
Scoliosis - An abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine.
Spiral Fracture - A fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart.
Kyphosis - An abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side.
Closed Reduction - Also known as manipulation, is the attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture or joint dislocation.
Immobilization - Also known as stabilization, is the act of holding, suturing, or fastening the bone in a fixed position with strapping or a cast.
Traction - A pulling force exerted on a limb in a distal direction in an effort to return the bone or joint to normal alignment
External Fixation - A fracture treatment procedure in which pins are placed through the soft tissues and bone so that an external appliance can be used to hold the pieces of bone firmly in place during healing.
Internal Fixation - Also known as open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), a fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place.
Total Knee Replacement - Means that all of the parts of the knee were replaced.
Total Hip Replacement - Also known as total hip arthroplasty, is performed to restore a damaged hip to full function.
Partial Knee Replacement - Describes a procedure in which only part of the knee is replaced.
Bone Density Testing - Used to determine losses or changes in bone density.

Abbreviations:

CR - Closed Reduction
THR - Total Hip Replacement
FX - Fracture
TKR - Total Knee Replacement
OA - Osteoarthritis
OP - Osteoporosis
PKR - Partial Knee Replacement
RA - Rheumatoid Arthritis
BDT - Bone Density Testing

Word Parts:

Ankyl/o - Crooked, bent, stiff
Arthr/o - Joint
Chondr/i, chondr/o - Cartilage
Cost/o - Rob
Crani/o - Skull
-Desis - To bind, tie together
Kyph/o - Bent, hump
Lord/o - Curve, swayback, bent
-Lysis - Loosening or setting free
Myel/o - Spinal cord, bone marrow
Oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o - Bone
Scoli/o - Curved, bent
Spondyl/o - Vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone
Synovi/o, synov/o - Vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone
-Um - Singular noun ending