AnSc 121 LESSON 10

Poultry Health & Sanitation Management

  • good hygiene and sanitation practices will protect the flock from harmful pathogenic agents.

Basis of Health Management

  1. Preventive medication program

  2. Suitable monitoring program

  3. Quarantine - isolation of sick animals, newly acquired ones should not join the flock for 40 days.

  4. Hygiene - control of minimizing contacts of the flock from disease-causing microorganisms.

  5. Vaccination - protective immunity of the flock, triggers the immune system of the birds. immunization comes after an interval of time (10-14 days).

What is a Vaccine?

  • biological products prepared from the organisms causing the disease.

  • Live vaccines are available against most viral diseases.

Sanitation

  • necessary to keep exposure to disease-causing organisms to a low level as possible.

  • Proper cleaning and disinfecting of poultry houses, premıses, and equipment reduce microbial challenges.

Disinfectants for Poultry Farms

  1. Phenolic compounds - (cresol, orthophenyl-phenol, and orthobenzyl-parachlophenol), the indication is foot dips

  2. Organic iodine combinations/iodophores - (povidone-iodine or known as betadine)

  3. Quaternary ammonium compounds/quats - (benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride)

VIRAL DISEASES

Fowl Pox

  • viral disease

  • nodular proliferative skin lesions on the featherless parts of the body.

Prevention and control

  • Prophylactic vaccination

  • Fowl pox vaccine (4-6 weeks old)

  • second dose at (12-14 weeks old)

Etiolog

  • Family: Pox Viridae

  • Genus: Avipoxvirus

  • Double-stranded DNA

Ranikhet Disease

  • new castle disease (pukgaw)

  • viral disease: respiratory, nervous and digestive disorders, high mortality

Etiology

  • Paramyxoviridae

  • Paromyxovirus-1

Clinical signs

  • listlessness

  • edema around eyes

  • paralysis of legs

  • green diarrhea

  • neck, head, and legs are twisted

  • wheezing

  • swollen head and neck

  • discharge from eyes and nose

Prevention and Control

  • Prophylactic vaccine

  • Lentogenic strain

  • Mesogenic strain

BACTERIAL DISEASES

Infectious Coryza

  • fowl coryza

  • high contagious

  • acute disease of the upper respiratory tract

  • can turn into chronic respiratory disease

Etiology

  • Haemophilus paragallinarum

  • Small coccoid or gram negative rod

  • Non-motile

  • Exhibits bipolar staining

Clinical signs

  • mucoid nasal discharge with foul smelling

  • facial edema

  • conjunctivitis

  • swollen wattles

  • diarrhea

  • reduced feed/water consumption

Treatment and control

  • Gentamicin

  • Penicillin

  • Streptomycin

  • delivered in feed or drinking water

  • Proper Disinfection

Bacillary White Diarrhea

  • Pullorum disease caused by Salmonella pullorum

  • fatal septicemia of young chicks

Clinical Signs

  • Somnolecence

  • Weakness

  • Loss of appetite

  • Chalky white diarrhea

  • Stained greenish brown(sometimes) in and around vent

Treatment

  • Enrofloxacin

  • Parenteral injections

  • Oral liquids

  • Supportive therapy

Bumble Foot: Pododermatitis

  • injury to the lower surface of the foot

  • infection by Staphylococcus bacteria

Common Causes

  • rough perches

  • splinters

  • wire floors

  • poor litter or bedding

Clinical signs

  • Lameness

  • swelling of the foot pad

  • hard, pus-filled abscess on foot pad

Treatment

  • soak foot in warm water and epsom salt

  • disinfect with alcohol

  • if skin is open, drain pus from abscess

  • flsuh abscess cavity with hydrogen peroxide to cleanout pus and debris

  • pack with antibiotic ointment

  • wrap with gauze or elastic bandage

Prevention and Control

  • provide good quality bedding/flooring

  • remove sharp objects on the ground

DEFICIENCY DISEASE

Curled Toe Paralysis

  • Deficiency of Riboflavin

  • Poor growth

  • Weakness

  • Emaciation and diarrhea

  • unable to walk as their toes are turned inwards

  • Drooping of wings

Treatment

  • Riboflavin - 3.6mg/kg of feed in chicks

  • Riboflavin - 1.8mg/kg of feed in growers

  • Riboflavin - 2.2mg/kg of feed in layers