introduction to disease and sanitation

Disease and Sanitation

Disease-any deviation from the normal health

• types of disease, infectious, non-infectious, metabolic 

• metabolic- diabetes, high bp, high cholesterol (metabolism)

• Ghrelin- (hunger)- low blood sugar

• glucagon- increases blood glucose when sleeping

• Microbes

  • bacteria

  • viruses

  • fungi

  • microplasma

  • coccidia

• stomach acid

  • hcl

  • pepsinogen

  • =pepsin ph 3 (digestion of protein)

• mouth

  • lysosomes makes lysozyme = antimicrobial in mouth

• skin

  • pathogens break the skin barrier

  • skin acts as a barrier

integumentary system- skin, hair, nails, hoofs

Infectious diseases

• often spread through feces and other bodily fluid

• can spread rapidly

• some may be carriers (asymptomatic) 

• microbes develop a peptidoglycan layer

  • protects microbe/bacteria

  • occurs when conditions are unfavorable

  • spore-forming

  • clostridium 

non-infectious disease

• non-contagious and cant be spread from one animal to the next

• caused by genetics, environment, and lifestyle behaviors

• things not caused by an organism living within the animal

 pandemic

epidemic- many animals/ people state spread

epizootic- state

sporadic- single animal

enzootic- 30 mile radius

panzootic- worldwide

Reproductive diseases in cattle

• brucellosis= sexually transmitted disease

• female with disease 

  • calf death

  • or blind

  • in dairy cows, the milk causes undulant fever in human

• Black leg disease (cattle disease)

  • clostridium chavoi

  • animal can’t be moved. (The animal will be burned right where it is)

• milk fever (spring)

  • high milk-producing females after birthing become paralyzed 

  • low magnesium/calcium in the diet

• Birthing season diseases dystocia

Zoonotic diseases- can be spread from animal to people. (disease normally in animals but can also infect people)