introduction to disease and sanitation

Disease and Sanitation

Disease-any deviation from the normal health

  • types of disease, infectious, non-infectious, metabolic 

  • metabolic- diabetes, high bp, high cholesterol (metabolism)

  • Ghrelin- (hunger)- low blood sugar

  • glucagon- increases blood glucose when sleeping

  • Microbes

    • bacteria

    • viruses

    • fungi

    • microplasma

    • coccidia

  • stomach acid

    • hcl

    • pepsinogen

    • =pepsin ph 3 (digestion of protein)

  • mouth

    • lysosomes makes lysozyme = antimicrobial in mouth

  • skin

    • pathogens break the skin barrier

    • skin acts as a barrier

integumentary system- skin, hair, nails, hoofs

Infectious diseases

  • often spread through feces and other bodily fluid

  • can spread rapidly

  • some may be carriers (asymptomatic) 

  • microbes develop a peptidoglycan layer

    • protects microbe/bacteria

    • occurs when conditions are unfavorable

    • spore-forming

    • clostridium 

non-infectious disease

  • non-contagious and cant be spread from one animal to the next

  • caused by genetics, environment, and lifestyle behaviors

  • things not caused by an organism living within the animal

 pandemic

epidemic- many animals/ people state spread

epizootic- state

sporadic- single animal

enzootic- 30 mile radius

panzootic- worldwide

Reproductive diseases in cattle

  • brucellosis= sexually transmitted disease

  • female with disease 

    • calf death

    • or blind

    • in dairy cows, the milk causes undulant fever in human

  • Black leg disease (cattle disease)

    • clostridium chavoi

    • animal can’t be moved. (The animal will be burned right where it is)

  • milk fever (spring)

    • high milk-producing females after birthing become paralyzed 

    • low magnesium/calcium in the diet

  • Birthing season diseases dystocia

Zoonotic diseases- can be spread from animal to people. (disease normally in animals but can also infect people)