Reproductive System 1-5

Flashcard 1

Front: What are gonads and what do they produce?

Back: Gonads are the primary sex organs—testes in males and ovaries in females. They produce gametes (sperm and eggs) and sex hormones.

Flashcard 2

Front: What are gametes?

Back: Gametes are sex cells—sperm in males and eggs in females—produced by the gonads.

Flashcard 3

Front: What do seminiferous tubules do?

Back: They are sperm-forming factories inside the testes; sperm are not yet mature here.

Flashcard 4

Front: What is the epididymis and how long do sperm stay there?

Back: It is the site where sperm mature and are stored. Sperm travel through it for about 20 days.

Flashcard 5

Front: What is the vas deferens?

Back: It transports mature sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct. It’s enclosed in the spermatic cord.

Flashcard 6

Front: What are the three sections of the male urethra?

Back: Prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, and spongy urethra.

Flashcard 7

Front: What do seminal vesicles do?

Back: They produce 60% of seminal fluid, which is thick and high in sugar, vitamins, and other nutrients.

Flashcard 8

Front: What is the function of the prostate gland?

Back: It secretes a milky fluid that activates sperm.

Flashcard 9

Front: What do bulbourethral glands do?

Back: They produce clear mucus that cleanses the urethra and serves as a lubricant.

Flashcard 10

Front: What is semen composed of?

Back: Sperm plus accessory gland secretions that nourish and protect sperm.

Flashcard 11

Front: What controls testosterone production?

Back: The hypothalamus releases GnRH, which stimulates the pituitary to release FSH and LH. LH triggers testosterone release.

1. Q: What are the primary sex organs (gonads) in males and females?
   A: Testes (males) and ovaries (females)

2. Q: What are gametes?
   A: Sex cells produced by gonads; sperm and egg

3. Q: What are sex hormones?
   A: Hormones produced by gonads

4. Q: What are accessory reproductive organs?
   A: Structures involved in reproduction other than gonads

5. Q: Where are sperm formed?
   A: Seminiferous tubules in the testes

6. Q: Where do sperm mature and get stored?
   A: In the epididymis

7. Q: How long do sperm travel through the epididymis?
   A: About 20 days

8. Q: What is the vas deferens?
   A: A duct that transports sperm to the urethra

9. Q: What is the terminal portion of the male duct system?
   A: The urethra

10. Q: What are the three parts of the male urethra?
    A: Prostatic, membranous, and spongy urethra

11. Q: What are the male accessory glands?
    A: Seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands

12. Q: What do seminal vesicles produce?
    A: 60% of seminal fluid, rich in sugar and nutrients

13. Q: What does the prostate gland secrete?
    A: Milky fluid that activates sperm

14. Q: What do bulbourethral glands do?
    A: Secrete mucus that neutralizes acidic urine

15. Q: What is semen made of?
    A: Sperm and accessory gland secretions

16. Q: What does semen do for sperm?
    A: Provides energy, transports sperm, and dilutes them

17. Q: What is the function of the scrotum?
    A: Holds the testes and regulates their temperature

18. Q: What does the penis do?
    A: Delivers sperm to the female reproductive tract

19. Q: What are the parts of a sperm cell?
    A: Head (with nucleus & acrosome), midpiece (with mitochondria), tail

20. Q: How long does sperm formation take?
    A: 64–72 days

21. Q: What hormones regulate testosterone and sperm production?
    A: GnRH, LH, and FSH from the hypothalamus and pituitary

1. Gonads
   Primary sex organs: testes in men, ovaries in women.

2. Gametes
   Sex cells produced by gonads: sperm and egg.

3. Sex Hormones
   Hormones produced by gonads, like testosterone and estrogen.

4. Seminiferous Tubules
   Sperm-forming factories inside the testes (not mature yet).

5. Epididymis
   Storage site where sperm mature over 20 days.

6. Vas Deferens
   Tube that carries sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct.

7. Spermatic Cord
   Connective tissue sheath that encloses vas deferens and vessels.

8. Urethra (Male)
   Terminal duct that carries both urine and sperm outside the body.

9. Seminal Vesicles
   Produce 60% of seminal fluid—rich in sugar and nutrients.

10. Prostate Gland
    Produces milky fluid that activates sperm.

11. Bulbourethral Glands
    Secrete thick, clear mucus that cleanses urethra before ejaculation.

12. Semen
    Fluid composed of sperm and gland secretions; nourishes and transports sperm.

13. Scrotum
    Sac that holds testes outside the body and regulates temperature.

14. Penis
    Delivers sperm to the female; includes shaft and glans.

15. Sperm Structure
    Head (DNA), midpiece (mitochondria), tail (movement).