Oral Com

• EXPLAINING NONVERBAL MISCOMMUNICATION

• Paralanguage- the "how" of saying something.

  b. Language of flowers- the use of flowers based on the meaning of cach type of flower. Language of colors the use of colors based on the meaning of each color,

  d. Language of time (Chronemics) the use of time based on position or power:

  Language of space (Proxemics) the use of space to show importance; f. Language of touch (Haptics)-the use of touch to express what cannot be said;

  g. Language of gestures.

  1. Emphasizing "YES!" (fist pounding the table)

  2. Regulating-"shh" (forefinger in front of lips)

  3. illustrating-"this large" (hands set apart)

  4. Emblems clenched fist upraised

  h. Facial expression the configuration of eyes, eyebrows, lips, checks, nose, and forehead to show how the person feels; and

  1. Posture and personal appearance- the way one carries and dresses oneself.

• PARALANGUAGE

  a. Paralanguage is about "how" something is said, not what is said Saying "I love you" with an angry tone is a contradictory message: Words of protest may lose their fire when said in a meek and soft voice. Tones or voices must match the content of the Message if the Message is to be understood at all. It must also reinforce the Message: a Message with strong points to deliver must be emphasized with strong paralanguage.

• FLOWERS

  b. Flowers say for many of us what we cannot say ourselves. These meanings are also influenced by culture and gender. Supposedly, only Filipino men send flowers, women not. Red roses are to be sent only to a female sweetheart or a wife, no one else, and only on Valentine's Day and birthdays. But now, with flower shops pushing the idea that it is okay to send flowers on any occasion, men and Women can send any kind of flower to anyone, whether there is an occasion or not.

• COLORS

  c. Colors have certain meanings based on the dictates of culture and gender Hospitals (and par parents) prepare everything in blue for baby boys and pink for baby girls. Since babies can wear any color, why limit them to one? ■Some colors supposedly make us happy or sad or angry. In fact, disturbed or violent people with mental problems are confined in rooms painted with a tinge of pink, a color which is said to calm them.

  CHRONEMICS

• d. Chronemics shows how time is viewed differently in various countries. Filipinos tend to see time as being elastic. "Filipino time" means that an appointment is scheduled "between" 1:00 and 2:00 pm. A meeting starts at 'around"8:30 am. Time is most often used in the Philippines to convey how powerful a person is.

• PROXEMICS

  e. Proxemics or the use of space provides us with ideas about how close or how far people are from the center of power or where a person is in the social ladder. This type of Nonverbal Communication is similarly used by chronemics by people who want to show who they are, especially in business. The biggest office in a Company building is reserved for the president or the chief executive officer CEO) and is usually situated on the top floor or penthouse of the building.

• HAPTICS

  f. Haptics or the use of touch is one of the most powerful of the types of Nonverbal Communication. Like the language of flowers and colors, it can say what cannot be said verbally by the Speaker. What differentiates this from among other types of Nonverbal Communication is the fact that there is contact between the Sender and the Receiver of the Message. Touch can comfort, it can aggravate, it can encourage, or it can dissuade. We touch babies and children, those we know and those we do not. However, in Indonesia, no one pats the top of a child's head. They believe that this is where the spirit of the child resides.

• GESTURES

  g. Gestures are the most often used type of Nonverbal Communication. Speech, to be understandable and interesting to a Listener, must be accompanied by different gestures. Emphasizing gestures that punctuate what we want to highlight are examples of this type. Hitting the lectern or the table is a gesture that interjects force, helping emphasize a point being made. But for Thais, such an action is considered rude. Regulating gestures are used to control the flow of communication such as nodding one's head so that someone will continue talking.

• FACIAL EXPRESSION

  h. Facial Expression is the type of Nonverbal Communication that assists the Listener in understanding the Message better. It is important to the Communication Process that the Listener monitors any and all the facial expressions of the Speaker.

• POSTURE AND PERSONAL APPEARANCE

  i. Posture and Personal Appearance are the last type of Nonverbal Communication. How one stands or sits in Communicative Situations tells the people around how one sees oneself as a Speaker, one's attitude toward the Message, and how one looks at the Listener. When one carries oneself well and with confidence, people will want to listen. Listeners pay attention because they are made to feel important. Personal Appearance also says a lot about the Speaker and the Message. Especially in Formal Communicative Situations, being appropriately dressed shows the Speaker's readiness and ability to deliver the Message. Being dressed well also adds to one's self confidence.

■Miscommunication has been observed to occur along the dimensions of Communication. Specifically, society has a strong influence on the effectiveness of Nonverbal Communication. Moreover, in the verbal. Dimension, the words chosen and used for the Message and the context in which they are used also leads to communication being effective or not. However, there are several possible barriers to Verbal Communication.

The first barrier is the people themselves who are participating in the interaction.

They may have physical infirmities such as poor hearing, bad eyesight, stuttering, etc., they have personal opinions and beliefs, they follow cultural mores (the customs, values, and behaviors that are accepted by a particular group), or they adhere to society's attitudes toward gender and sexuality, business practices, religious beliefs, etc. These can lead to their inability to deliver, listen to, and respond appropriately to the Message

The Topic may also present possible Barriers to communication because of its vagueness or ambiguity, complexity, emotional pull, and bidden agenda

The Speaker must avoid these qualities in the topic or the message so that, instead, it will be clear, simple, restrained, and with no ulterior motives. General topics such as religion or politics and particular topics such as abortion or militarization are more than likely to give rise to emotionally charged discussions.

The third group of possible barriers to communication is the Communicative Situation

there is "noise" in the physical setting and in the participants themselves. Actual "noise from the surrounding environment also may make it difficult to understand each other. At the same time, the participants may also have their own motiv motives that ar support the Spe. communicating.

LESSON 3

• COMMUNICATION IS ALWAYS INTENTIONAL"

Types of speech context:

• INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

• Meaning communication with oneself.

• INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

• Communication which involves more than one person.

• A. DYADIC COMMUNICATION

• Involves only two participants forming DYAD (a group of two people).

• Usually happen during guidance counseling, consultation with a priest, or heart to heart talks with a trusted person.

• B. SMALL GROUP COMMUNICATION

• Requires 3 to 15 people to study an issue, discuss a problem, and come up with a solution or a plan. This is not just a gathering of people with no goal in mind but to pass the time and has an agenda.

• Examples are panel discussion, symposia, roundtables and etc.

• C. PUBLIC COMMUNICATION

• The speech is well prepared, the speaker is dressed appropriately, and the listeners are set to listen. There is no interchanging of the speaker and listener roles

• Usually a stage, a lectern, and a microphone coupled with sound system and, sometimes, spotlight

• The programs are formally structured with a master of ceremonies or MC (emcee), welcome address, speech by the keynote speaker or paper presenter,

• D. MASS COMMUNICATION

• Is any of the above human verbal interactions carried out with the aid of mass media technology. Mass media used to mean only radio and television. with the advent of the internet and the worldwide web, mass communication now includes social media which allow for the use of technology by everyone.

• E. ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION

• Refers to the interaction of members along the links in organizational structure.

• Formal communication-covers any official company acts that share information. This can include communications such as a staff meeting to introduce a new product, a company handbook explaining standard operating procedures around an office or a press release distributed to the public, memo, announcement, salary increase etc.

• Informal communication- is any interaction outside of an official communication structure. For example, two employees having a conversation over lunch are participating in informal discussions. Informal communication is a key component of any company's organized communication structure.

• F. INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

• Is exchange of concepts, traditions, values and practices between and among people of different nationalities and ways of life.

• It goes beyond showcasing folkdances, local songs, and native delicacies.

• TYPES OF SPEECH STYLE (ACCORDING TO MARTIN JOOS)

Lesson 4

• A. INTIMATE

• Non-public speech style that uses private vocabulary and includes nonverbal messages. It is a style in which meaning is shared even without "correct linguistic forms." Here are some examples of the people whom intimate speech is generally used on:

• Family

• Relatives

• Close Friends

• Spouse

• Chidren

• Partner

• B. CASUAL

• Speech style used among friends and acquaintances that do not require background information.Casual style is used when there is no social barriers.

• Examples:

"I'm doin' it my way" (doing)-"Lemme go!" (let me go)-"Watcha gonna do?" (What are you going to do?) -"Whassup!" (What's up!)

• C. CONSULTATIVE

• The opposite of the intimate style because this style is used precisely among people who do not share common experiences or meaning. Consultative style requires two-way participation and interruptions can occur during the communication.

• F. FORMAL

• Used only for imparting information. The speech is well organized and correct in grammar and diction Formal Speech would never involve slang words, colloquial language and does not include hasn't' or 'doesn't. Whereas informal speech would never use the language of 'cannot', 'do not', and more.

• This is the type of speech that is used in formal or serious situations such as workplace environments, dinner parties, job interviews, and places that require respect such as Government buildings, and more.

• G. FROZEN

• Formal style whose quality is static, ritualistic, and may even be archaic. It is exemplified by prayers that have been recited in the same way for years, the Pledge of Allegiance or Panatang Makabayan, and the Oath of Office of any officer, whether of the Student Council or of Congress