Institutional Racism

Achievement Gap - disparities in the academic accomplishments of different kinds of students 

Cross-Institutional Advantage - people are positively served across multiple institutions 

Cross-Institutional Disadvantage - people are negatively served across multiple institutions

Cumulative Advantage - advantage that builds over the life course 

Cumulative Disadvantage - disadvantage that builds over the life course 

Environmental Racism - the practice of exposing racial and ethnic minorities to more toxins and pollutants than White people

Institutional Racism - a society’s production of unjust outcomes for some racial or ethnic groups 

Intergenerational Advantage - advantage that is passed from parents to children 

Intergenerational Disadvantage - disadvantage that is passed from parents to children 

Mass Deportation - an extremely high rate of deportation in cross-culture and historical perspective 

Mass Incarceration - an extremely high rate of imprisonment in cross-cultural and historical perspective 

Redlining - refusing loans to or steeply overcharging anyone buying in poor and minority neighborhoods 

Resource Deserts - places that lack beneficial or critical amenities 

School-to-Prison Pipeline - a practice of disciplining and punishing children and youth in school that routes them out of education and into the criminal justice system