Flashcards from Exam 2Chapter 2:
Q: What are the main optical components of the eye?A: Cornea, Aqueous humor, Lens, Vitreous humor, Sclera, Retina, Fovea, Optic nerve, Optic disc.
Q: What is accommodation in the eye?A: Accommodation is when the lens alters the refractive power of the eye by changing its shape.
Q: Define emmetropia.A: Emmetropia occurs when all four optical components of the eye are perfectly matched.
Q: What is myopia and how is it corrected?A: Myopia is when the eyeball is too long relative to the power of the ocular optics; it requires minus lenses for correction.
Q: Explain hyperopia.A: Hyperopia is when the eyeball is too short relative to the power of the optical components; it requires positive lenses for correction.
Q: What is astigmatism?A: Astigmatism happens when the cornea is not spherical but shaped like a football, requiring special lenses with two focal points or LASIK surgery.
Q: What are photoreceptors?A: Photoreceptors are light-sensitive receptors located in the retina, including rods and cones.
Q: What is age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?A: AMD is a disease associated with aging that gradually destroys sharp central vision and has two forms: wet and dry.
Q: What is the difference between ON center and OFF center ganglion cells?A: ON center cells increase firing in response to light intensity increases in their receptive field center, while OFF center cells increase firing in response to light intensity decreases.
Chapter 3:
Q: What does acuity refer to?A: Acuity is the smallest spatial detail that can be resolved at 100% contrast.
Q: What is amblyopia?A: Amblyopia is a developmental disorder characterized by reduced spatial vision in an otherwise healthy eye, often referred to as lazy eye.
Q: Describe the structure of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN).A: The LGN receives input from retinal ganglion cells and has two layers: ipsilateral (layers 2, 3, 5) and contralateral (layers 1, 4).
Chapter 4:
Q: What is agnosia?A: Agnosia is a failure to recognize objects in spite of the ability to see them, typically due to brain damage.
Q: What is the fusiform face area (FFA)?A: The FFA is an area in the extrastriate visual cortex that specializes in the perception of human faces.
Q: What are the five principles of mid-level vision?A: 1. Good continuation2. Similarity3. Proximity4. Parallelism5. Symmetry
Q: What is prosop
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