Deductive Reasoning
Deductive Reasoning
inductive reasoning: Uses patterns to arrive at a conclusion
● Ex. Michele is typically in the hallways during period 5
● Conclusion: If we are in period 5, Michelle is in the hallway
Deductive reasoning: Uses facts, rules, definitions, or properties to arrive at a conclusion
Ex. School policy states that all entering freshmen must take a mathematics placement test. You are an entering freshman
● Conclusion: You will have to take a mathematics placement test.
What is Forensic Science
● Forensic science: is the study and application of science to matters of law
○ Criminalistics: is another name for forensic science
Forensic scientists examine the associations among people, places, things, and events involved in crimes.
What does a forensic scientist do?
A forensic scientist’s main job is to study the different types of evidence that is brought into the lab and determine where it came from
Often forensic scientists are required to be expert witnesses during trials to testify that certain bits of evidence actually link a person to a crime
Categories of Death
● Death can be classified into 5 different categories:
○ Natural death
○ Homicide
○ Suicide
○ Accidental
○ Undetermined
Field One: Forensic Pathology
Through Forensic Pathology, an autopsy is performed to determine cause of death
The state of decomposer and the location of blood pooling is used to determine time of death
Rigor Mortis: Immediately following death, muscles relax and then become rigid, shortening the muscles
Livor Mortis: When the human heart stops pumping, blood begins to pool in parts of the body closest to the ground due to gravity
Skin will appear dark blue or purple in these areas
Algor Mortis: Body temperature cools after death until it reaches room temperature, enabling scientists to establish general time of death
Field Two: Forensic Anthropology
Anthropology: Is the study of physical and behavioral human characteristics
Forensic Anthropology: Involves the identification and examination of skeletal remains to determine whether or not remains are human
If the remains prove to be human, they can determine:
○ Ethnicity
Field Three: Forensic Entomology
● Forensic Entomology is the study of insects and their development stages
○ This can help determine time of death by knowing the developmental stages of insects present
Field Four: Forensic Psychiatry
● Forensic Psychiatry is the study of human behavior and legal proceedings
○ Evaluate competency
○ Evaluate behavioral disorders to determine the psychological profile of the suspect
Field Five: Forensic Odontology
● A Forensic Odontologist can match bite marks to a suspect’s teeth, or match a victim to his dental x-rays, resulting in identification of an unknown individual
Deductive Reasoning
inductive reasoning: Uses patterns to arrive at a conclusion
● Ex. Michele is typically in the hallways during period 5
● Conclusion: If we are in period 5, Michelle is in the hallway
Deductive reasoning: Uses facts, rules, definitions, or properties to arrive at a conclusion
Ex. School policy states that all entering freshmen must take a mathematics placement test. You are an entering freshman
● Conclusion: You will have to take a mathematics placement test.
What is Forensic Science
● Forensic science: is the study and application of science to matters of law
○ Criminalistics: is another name for forensic science
Forensic scientists examine the associations among people, places, things, and events involved in crimes.
What does a forensic scientist do?
A forensic scientist’s main job is to study the different types of evidence that is brought into the lab and determine where it came from
Often forensic scientists are required to be expert witnesses during trials to testify that certain bits of evidence actually link a person to a crime
Categories of Death
● Death can be classified into 5 different categories:
○ Natural death
○ Homicide
○ Suicide
○ Accidental
○ Undetermined
Field One: Forensic Pathology
Through Forensic Pathology, an autopsy is performed to determine cause of death
The state of decomposer and the location of blood pooling is used to determine time of death
Rigor Mortis: Immediately following death, muscles relax and then become rigid, shortening the muscles
Livor Mortis: When the human heart stops pumping, blood begins to pool in parts of the body closest to the ground due to gravity
Skin will appear dark blue or purple in these areas
Algor Mortis: Body temperature cools after death until it reaches room temperature, enabling scientists to establish general time of death
Field Two: Forensic Anthropology
Anthropology: Is the study of physical and behavioral human characteristics
Forensic Anthropology: Involves the identification and examination of skeletal remains to determine whether or not remains are human
If the remains prove to be human, they can determine:
○ Ethnicity
Field Three: Forensic Entomology
● Forensic Entomology is the study of insects and their development stages
○ This can help determine time of death by knowing the developmental stages of insects present
Field Four: Forensic Psychiatry
● Forensic Psychiatry is the study of human behavior and legal proceedings
○ Evaluate competency
○ Evaluate behavioral disorders to determine the psychological profile of the suspect
Field Five: Forensic Odontology
● A Forensic Odontologist can match bite marks to a suspect’s teeth, or match a victim to his dental x-rays, resulting in identification of an unknown individual
