Signs and Symptoms of Endocranial Pressure

• Important to recognize signs like seizures.

• Be aware of positions related to decerebrate and decorticate postures for exam purposes.

• Knowing images or descriptions from resources will aid retention.

Glascow Coma Scale

• Familiarizing with the Glasgow (not glaucoma) scale is essential, focusing on its application.

Bacterial Meningitis

• Kernig's Sign: involves pain in the calf when flexing the hips; needs accurate spelling for exams.

• Brudzinski's Sign: pay attention to the explanation provided in class.

Guillain Barre Syndrome

• Paralysis progression starts at feet, moving upwards to trunk and arms.

• Visual aids (cartoons) are helpful for recognizing symptoms and exam cues.

Myasthenia Gravis

• Remember the tension test and its side effects, along with associated drugs (anticholinergics).

Multiple Sclerosis

• Review the signs and symptoms as well as relevant medications (baclofen noted for muscle relaxation).

• Safety measures, such as temperature checks prior to baths, are crucial.

Spinal Cord Injuries

• Focus on autonomic dysreflexia: signs include hypertension and bradycardia, and headache related to this condition.

Meniere’s Disease

• Symptoms to focus on include episodic vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus for select-all-that-apply questions.

Head Injuries

• Be able to identify signs and symptoms including loss of consciousness.

• Understand diagnostic procedures such as craniotomy and their relation to other diseases.

Hematomas

• Types: epidural, subdural, intracerebral – memorize these terms including their duration (acute, subacute, chronic).

Renal Pathology Issues

• Pay attention to polycystic kidney disease; symptoms include abdominal protrusion.

• Watch for bleeding in renal and bladder cancer, as well as the significance of no smoking.

• Be aware of complications with acute renal failure, especially hyperkalemia and treatments like IV glucose administration.

Dialysis

• Review questions on hemodialysis, including signs of complications such as hypotension.

• Important details for medications pre- and post-procedure should be known.

Nephrotic Syndrome

• Recognize elevated albumin and proteinuria in signs and symptoms.

Wilms Tumor

• Abdominal swelling can indicate the tumor; do not palpate abdomen before surgery to prevent complications.

Prostate Cancer

• Familiarize yourself with demographic factors, specifically within African American men.

Key Lab Values

• Remember normal lab ranges for BUN, creatinine, potassium, phosphorus; identify abnormal results in case questions arise.

Ethical Considerations in Nursing

• Autonomy, beneficence, and nonmaleficence are key ethical principles; prepare for scenarios, especially in informed consent and patient advocacy situations.

Quality Improvement (QI)

• Improvement of patient outcomes relates to efficiency, safety, education, and quality of care; important for multiple-choice questions.

Study Strategies

• Use resources like Course Hero for study guides that include highlights and comprehensions from previous notes.