MOL BIO 1
The uptake of recombinant DNA into a host bacterium is facilitated through heat shock, electroporation, or chemical methods that occur during this step of the DNA recombinant technique:
a. DNA restriction
b. DNA ligation
c. Protein product purification
d. Transformation
ANSWER: Transformation
Recombinant DNA Technology applied in the production of pest-resistant corn and eggplant uses this program:
a. Bacillus thuringienesis
b. Escherichia coli
c. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
d. Thermus aquaticus
ANSWER: Bacillus thuringienesis
Recombinant DNA technology applied in the production of insulin is using these organisms:
a. Bacillus thuringienesis and Escherichia coli
b. Bacillus thuringienesis and Thermus aquaticus
c. Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
d. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Thermus aquaticus
ANSWER: Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Online bioinformatics tools are helpful in this step of PCR:
a. Denaturation
b. Annealing
c. Extension
d. Designing a primer
ANSWER: Designing a primer
The purpose of the denaturation step in PCR:
a. to separate DNA strands
b. to anneal primers
c. to synthesize new DNA strands
d. to amplify DNA
ANSWER: to separate DNA strands
The role of primers in a PCR reaction:
a. Elongate DNA strand
b. Initiate DNA synthesis
c. Provide a starting point for DNA synthesis
d. Break the hydrogen bonds in DNA strands
ANSWER: Provide a starting point for DNA synthesis
In the PCR, the annealing temperature is the temperature at which—
a. DNA strands are separated
b. primers bind to the target DNA
c. new DNA strands are synthesized
d. DNA is denatured
ANSWER: primers bind to the target DNA
The final step in a PCR cycle:
a. denaturation
b. annealing
c. extension
d. primer design
ANSWER: extension
The flow of genetic information involved in the RT-PCR:
a. DNA-dependent
b. RNA dependent
ANSWER: RNA-dependent
Component of the flow of genetic information that involves Taq polymerase:
a. Replication
b. Transcription
c. Translation
d. Post-translational modification
ANSWER: Replication
To be useful in PCR, polymerases from microbes should be—
a. Thermostable
b. Thermolabile
ANSWER: Thermostable
The phase of DNA amplification that is relevant to the detection of viral pathogens—
a. baseline
b. exponential
c. linear
d. plateau
ANSWER: exponential
The most important step in conduction a polymerase chain reaction experiment—
a. designing a primer
b. denaturation
c. annealing
d. extension
ANSWER: Designing a primer
A key principle underlying Maxam-Gilbert DNA sequencing is—
a. Fluorescent labeling of DNA
b. Chemical modification of specific bases
c. PCR amplification
d. Gel electrophoresis for separation
ANSWER: Chemical modification of specific bases
The purpose of denaturation in Maxam-Gilbert sequencing:
a. to amplify DNA
b. to separate DNA strands
c. to label DNA with radioisotopes
d. to visualize DNA bands on a gel
ANSWER: to separate DNA strands
In the Maxam-Gilbert DNA technique, this is how the base sequence is determined:
a. Fluorescent labeling of target sequences
b. Nucleotide bases are chemically modified then DNA fragments are electrophoresed
c. Polymerase chain reaction terminated by terminator nucleotides then electrophoresed
d. Separation of fragments by size
ANSWERS: Nucleotide bases are chemically modified then DNA fragments are electrophoresed
In the Sanger technique, the exact sequences of nucleotide bases are determined by:
a. Fluorescent labeling of target sequences
b. Nucleotide bases are chemically modified then DNA fragments are electrophoresed
c. Polymerase chain reaction terminated by terminator nucleotides then electrophoresed
d. Separation of fragments by size
ANSWERS: Polymerase chain reaction terminated by terminator nucleotides then electrophoresed
The earliest version of next-generation sequencing:
a. Maxam-Gilbert
b. Sanger Sequencing
c. Sequencing by synthesis
d. Oxford nanopore
ANSWER: Sequencing by synthesis
NOT true about quantitative PCR (qPCR)
a. It measures the amount of amplified DNA in real-time
b. It can provide information on gene expression levels
c. It is also known as digital PCR
d. It does not require a thermal cycler
ANSWER: It does not require a thermal cycler
The purpose of the gel electrophoresis of PCR products:
a. to separate DNA strands
b. to visualize and confirm amplification
c. to denature DNA
d. to anneal primers
ANSWER: to visualize and confirm amplification
When designing primers for PCR, the optimal length range (number of bases) for a primer:
a. 5 to 10
b. 10 to 30
c. 30 to 50
d. at least 50
ANSWER: 10 to 30
In primer design, it is important to avoid regions with high sequence homology to other genomic regions to—
a. increase primer stability
b. prevent non-specific amplification
c. improve primer annealing
d. enhance PCR efficiency
ANSWER: prevent non-specific amplification
It is important to check for potential primer-dimer formation during primer design to—
a. ensure efficient primer annealing
b. prevent interference with DNA polymerase
c. avoid non-specific amplification
d. improve PCR efficiency
ANSWER: prevent interference with DNA polymerase
Sequencing-by-synthesis methods involve reversible terminators:
a. Illumina sequencing
b. PacBio sequencing
c. Oxford Nanopore sequencing
ANSWER: Illumina Sequencing
Main advantage of single-molecule sequencing technologies like PacBio sequencing:
a. High accuracy
b. Long read lengths
c. Short run times
d. Hight throughput
ANSWER: Long read lengths