are probably more deep.docx

  1. MATERIALS ______ are probably more deep-seated in our culture than most of us realize. Transportation, housing, clothing communication, recreation, and food production virtually every segment of our everyday Iives is influenced to one degree or another by ____
  2. TECHNOLOGY ______ may be found that has the ideal set of properties but is prohibitively expensive.
  3. CRYSTALS ______ are minerals formed underground from three-dimensional repeating patterns of atoms
  4. ­­­­______ can cut through plates and drill holes through diamonds.
  5. DIAMOND ______ bits are used in industrial saws and ropes for cutting stone blocks and ornamental stones.
  6. SYNTHETIC RUBY ______ has been used for making hard bearings in watches and other mechanical instruments
  7. CRYSTALLINE SOLID ______ is a solid material whose constituents (such as atoms, molecules, or ions are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions.
  8. ATOM ______ is the smallest constituent of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element
  9. UNIT CELL It is the smallest group of particles in the material that constitutes the repeating pattern
 10. BRAVAIS The repeating patterns of the crystalline lattice are said to be located at the points of the _____ lattice
 11. COORDINATION NUMBER It is the number of atoms with which a given atom can strongly interact.
 12. TRUE or FALSE: High coordination number can give you a greater packing efficiency
 13. DIAGONAL For a Face-centered Cubic lattice, atoms touch along the _____ face
 14. DIAGONAL - For a Body-centered Cubic Lattice, atoms touch along a/the _____ through the center of the cube not along the edge.
 15. 12 - For a Face-centered Cubic Lattice, it has a coordination number of
 16. 12 - For a Hexagonal Closest Packing, it has a coordination number of
 17. LAYERS For Closest-Packed structures, another way to envision crystal structures is to think of atoms stacking in _____
 18. ½ - For Closest-Packed structures, more efficient packing is achieved by offsetting the second layer by _____ atoms so that the atoms sit in the indentations formed by the atoms.
 19. FCC - A Cubic Closest Packing is identical to ____ unit cell structure
 20. ABCABC - For a Cubic Closest Packing, it has a pattern of:
 21. ROTATIONAL SYMMETRY - _____ arises when a structural element is rotated a fixed number of degrees about a central point and then repeated
 22. POINT SYMMETRY - This describes the repetition of a motif or structural feature around a single reference point, commonly the center of a unit cell or a crystal
 23. INVERSION SYMMETRY - If a crystal possesses ____, any line drawn through the origin at the center of the crystal will connect two identical features on opposite sides of the reflection in a point.
 24. SIX - Every crystal class is a member of one of the ____ crystal systems
 25. HOLOMORPHIC CLASS - The crystal class which possesses the highest possible symmetry or the highest number of symmetry elements within each system is termed the:
 26. 120 - Minerals of the hexagonal crystal system are referred to as three crystallographic axes which intersect at ____ degrees
 27. TRICLINIC - Mineral species of the ____ class include plagioclase and axinite where these species tend to be of tabular habit.
 28. PARALLELOHEDRON - The ____ crystal form is also called a pinacoid.
 29. PRISM - A _____ is composed of a set of 3, 4, 6, 8, or 12 geometrically equivalent faces, which are all parallel to the same axis
 30. RHOMBOHEDRON - A ­­____ resembles in appearance a cube which is poised upright upon one corner and has been either flattened or elongated along an axis which runs diagonally from corner to corner through the center.
 31. HOLOMORPHIC - The class which possesses the highest possible symmetry within each crystal system is:
 32. DITETRAGONAL PYRAMID - What is the crystal class/crystal form if it has a crystal system of a tetragonal system, and a symmetry of a class of
 33. FACE-CENTERED LATTICE - A ____ possesses not only lattice points at the corners of the unit cell but also at either the centers of just one pair of faces or else at the centers of all three pairs of faces
 34. CRYSTAL DEFECT - This is the imperfection in the regular geometrical arrangement of the atoms in a crystalline solid.
 35. POLYMORPHISM - In materials science, this is the ability of a solid material to exist in more than one form or crystal structure
 36. THREE QUARTERS - Over ____ of the chemical elements that occur naturally on our planets are metals, so it's almost easier to say what metal isn’t
 37. ELEMENTS - ____ may be classified as either metals or nonmetals based on their properties.
 38. OPAQUE AS A THIN SHEET - One of the physical properties of a metal can be
 39. FORM OXIDES THAT ARE BASIC - One of the chemical properties of a metal can be
 40. STEELS - These are alloys of iron and carbon which may contain other alloying elements.
 41. PLAIN CARBON STEELS - ____ has very low content of alloying elements and small amounts of manganese
 42. HIGH CARBON STEELS - This is used in hardened and tempered conditions
 43. SILICON - This is one of the principal deoxidizers used in steel making.
 44. MOLYBDENUM - This increases the hardenability and enhances the creep resistance of low-alloy steels.
 45. PHOSPHOROUS - This increases the strength and hardness and decreases the ductility and notch impact toughness of a steel.
 46. SULFUR - This decreases ductility and notch toughness, whereas weldability decreases and is found in sulfide conclusions.
 47. GREY CAST IRON - ____ contains graphite in the form of flakes
 48. TRUE or FALSE: Cast Irons contain 2.1-4.5 wt.% Carbon
 49. 950 DEG C. - During heat treatment for a malleable cast iron, it has two stages - isothermal holding at ____ and then holding at
 50. 720 DEG C. - During heat treatment for a malleable cast iron, it has two stages - isothermal holding at and then holding at _____
 51. NODULAR IRON - This type of cast iron has castings that are stronger and much more ductile than grey iron, as the stress concentration points existing at the flake tips are eliminated
 52. WHITE CAST IRON - This type of cast iron is used as a intermediate to produce malleable cast iron
 53. MALLEABLE CAST IRON - This type of cast iron s obtained by heat-treating white iron for a prolonged period that, causes the decomposition of cementite into graphite
 54. GREY CAST IRON - This type of cast iron has excellent damping capacity and wear resistance.
 55. CU ALLOYS - Which of the following is a nonferrous metal?
 56. COPPER - ____ is one of the earliest metals discovered by man.
 57. BRASS - ____ is the most common alloy of Cu- it's an alloy with Zn.
 58. BRONZE - Copper alloys containing tin, lead, aluminum, silicon and nickel are classified as
 59. CU-BE - ____ alloys are heat treatable, it is ductile, yeldable and machinable, also resistant to non-oxidizing acids
 60. ALUMINUM - ____ is a light metal with a density of 2.7g/cc
 61. TITANIUM - ____ has a density of 4.51 g/cc
 62. TRUE or FALSE: Applications of some titanium alloys are marine and chemical processing equipment
 63. LITHIUM - ____ is the lightest among commonly used metals and has a density of 1.7 g/cc.
 64. SILVER - ____ is a soft, white lustrous metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity. Thermal conductivity and the reflectivity of any metal
 65. GOLD - ____ is a soft, heavy, rare metal, and is resistant to corrosion
 66. PYROXYLIN - Cellulose dinitrate is also called ____
 67. LEO BAECKELAND - Phenol resins were developed by the chemist ____
 68. NATURAL POLYMERS - Polymers may be naturally found in plants and animals. These are called:
 69. MONOMERS - Polymers are all created by the process of a polymerization, wherein their constituent elements are called
 70. POLYESTERS - An example of a homopolymer is
 71. COPOLYMER - It Is a polymer which is derived from more than one type of monomer.
 72. BRANCHED CHAIN POLYMERS - when linear chains of a polymer form branches, then, such polymers are categorized as
 73. BLOCK POLYMER - This consists of relatively long sequences of identical monomer units
 74. TACTICITY - It is the orientation of monomer units in a polymer molecule with respect to the main chain.
 75. ATACTIC POLYMER - These are polymers where side groups are arranged in an irregular or random manner around the main chain.
 76. THERMOSETS - These are polymers which change irreversibly into hard and rigid materials on heating and cannot be reshaped.
 77. POLYISOPRENE - This is an example of an elastomer.
 78. STARCH - _____ is made up by plants for them to store energy.
 79. GENES - ____ make all the enzymes needed to carry out the reaction in our bodies
 80. PLASTIKOS - Plastics comes from the greek word:
 81. ETHYL CYANOACRYLATE - This polymer is used in superglue
 82. PVC - ____ has chlorine attached to the all-carbon backbone
 83. SILLY PUTTY - One of the more famous silicon-based polymers is
 84. OPTICAL PROPERTIES - One property of polymers is their ability to change their refractive index with temperature as in the case of PMMA and HEMA: MMA
 85. ADDITION POLYMERIZATION - This is also called chain growth polymerization.
 86. CONDENSATION POLYMERIZATION - The molecular weight of the resultant polymer is not a multiple of the monomer's molecular weight.
 87. MELAMINE - What monomer is a polymer of Teflon, and is its use for non-stick cookware plastics.
 88. FABRIC - The use of this polymer Nylon-6, with a monomer of caprolactam is
 89. ONE THOUSAND MILLIONTH - A nanometer is ____ of a meter
 90. NANOTECH - ____ products that are on the market today are mostly gradually improved products
 91. CLP - ____ defines a nanomaterial as a: 'material with any external dimension in the nanoscale (size range from approximately 1-100 nm) or having the internal structure or surface structure in the nanoscale.
 92. 0 AND 50% - In specific cases and where warranted by concerns for the environment, health, safety, or competitiveness the number size distribution threshold of 50% may be replaced by a threshold between _____
 93. LEO BECKELAND - Nanotechnology was coined-by
 94. CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - What does Caltech stands for
 95. ELECTRON MICROSCOPE - The ____ first developed by Emst Ruska and Max Knoll uses a particle beam of electrons to illuminate a specimen and create a highly magnified image
 96. FEELING - Atomic force microscopes gather information by "_____" the surface with a mechanical probe.
 97. COMPLEX QUANTUM - ____ mechanical models are required to predict the evolution of such properties with particle size, and typically very
 98. REACTIVITY - As surface area per mass of a material increases, a greater amount of the material can come into contact with surrounding materials, thus affecting _____
 99. MINIATURIZATION - _____ is well known in the manufacturing and microelectronics industries

  1. HIGH SURFACE AREAS - ____ can be attained either by fabricating small particles or clusters where the surface-to-volume ratio of each
  2. BOTTOM UP - The "____ “ approach is in which the nanostructures are built up from individual atoms or molecules.
  3. TOP-DOWN - The"____” approach in which nanostructures are generated from breaking up bulk materials.
  4. FUEL - The ____ is a material which when once raised to its ignition temperature continues to bum if sufficient is available
  5. OXYGEN - The is a material which when once raised to its ignition temperature continues to bum if sufficient is available _____
  6. C & H - The principal constituents of any fuel are:
  7. COMBUSTIBLES - The materials which evolve heat after burning is/are called
  8. NO - Is sulfur combustible?
  9. THERMAL - A coal-fired power station or coal power plant is a ____ power station
  10. COAL - The _____ is usually pulverized and then burned in a boiler
  11. OIL - ____ has been used for 5,000 to 6,000 years where they use it as a fuel.
  12. KEROSENE - ____ is useful for jets, engines, aircraft, rockets, and lamps
  13. DIESEL - ____ is common for vans, rucks, and heavy equipment.
  14. DRY GAS - This type of gas generally contains methane
  15. STOICHIOMETRY, LAW OF DEFINITE AND MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS - Is the branch of chemistry which deals with mass and volume relations in unit operations and unit
  16. COMBUSTION - This is a commonly employed industrial process for heat generation.
  17. FUELS - _____ can be divided into three general classes: gaseous, liquids, and solids
  18. BLUE WATER GAS - _____ is a blast of air and iş forced through a fuel bed and steam is passed through forming
  19. MOLECULAR FORMULA - The ____ is an expression gf the number and type of atoms that are present in a single molecule of a substance.