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Classification Of Motor Skills LEC 1
Page 1: Introduction to Motor Skills
Classification of actions involving body/limb movement for achieving goals.
Definition of Motor Skill: An action requiring bodily or limb movement.
Example: Blinking serves as a motor skill based on reasoning; it's categorized like other motor actions.
Page 2: Differentiating Motor Skills
Not all motor skills are the same; they vary in characteristics and action goals.
Comparison to biological classification of species; motor skills can be grouped based on various aspects.
Key point: The greater the detail in skill categorization, the easier it is to differentiate motor skills.
Page 3: Class Discussion Question
Question posed: Are movements and actions the same thing?
Page 4: Actions vs. Movements
Action: Goal-directed activities.
Examples include: walking, throwing, prehension (reaching and grasping), and sit-to-stand transitions.
Movements: Refers to what the body/limbs do during the execution of an action; can vary across performances.
Measurement focuses on:
Kinematics: Study of motion.
Kinetics: Study of forces associated with motion.
Page 5: Variation in Movements
Example of love jump: same action but different movements due to variations in air speed and angle of projection.
Differentiation in jumping mechanics illustrates how actions can be achieved through diverse movement patterns.
Page 6: Movement Adaptation
Individuals adapt movements to fulfill action goals effectively.
Importance of distinguishing between actions and movements:
People learn actions first then adapt movements accordingly.
Actions focus on whether the goal was achieved.
Page 7: Importance of Skill Classification
Helps understand skills across various professions.
Basis for general conclusions on human performance and skill acquisition.
Classification reveals similarities and differences among various skills.
Page 8: Motor Skill Classification Systems
Overview of classification approaches:
One-Dimensional System: 3 types of classification.
Two-Dimensional System: 1 primary taxonomy.
Page 9: One-Dimensional Classification
Classification based on muscle size:
Gross Motor Skills: Involves large muscles (e.g., running).
Fine Motor Skills: Involves small muscles (e.g., writing).
Page 10: Movement Specification
Movement classifications:
Discrete Motor Skills: Clear start and end points (e.g., shot put).
Continuous Motor Skills: No identifiable start or end (e.g., swimming).
Serial Motor Skills: Series of discrete movements (e.g., gymnastic routines).
Page 11: Stability of Environmental Context
Differentiation of skills based on environmental stability:
Open Motor Skills: Performed in a changing environment (e.g., playing soccer).
Closed Motor Skills: Performed in stable conditions (e.g., free throw in basketball).
Page 12: Limitations of One-Dimensional Systems
Categories include:
Discrete, closed, gross motor skills, fine motor skills, arbitrary closed, and open motor skills.
Page 13: Dimension #1: Environmental Context
Two classifications:
Regulatory Conditions: Factors influencing the movements required to accomplish an action.
Intertrial Variability: Variability between trials of the same action.
Page 14: Dimension #2: Action Function
Body Orientation: Movement relating to stability or transport.
Body Stability: Does not involve movement from one location to another.
Body Transport: Involves moving from one place to another (can be active or passive).
Object Manipulation: Consideration of whether an action requires manipulating an object.
Page 15: Environmental Context Examples
Body Stability with No Object Manipulation:
Stationary and non-varying performances (e.g., free throw).
Body Transport with Object Manipulation:
Actions requiring interaction with an object while navigating changes in the environment (e.g., carrying groceries).
Page 16: Characteristics of Motor Skills
Four key descriptors for motor skills:
Regulatory Conditions: Influence of stable or dynamic environments on skill execution.
Action Function Characteristics: Consideration of movement stability vs. transport and object manipulation status.
Page 17: Gentile's Taxonomy Overview
Combination of dimensions results in 16 subcategories of motor skills known as Gentile's Taxonomy.
Page 18: Skill Complexity
Taxonomy organizes skills based on their complexity influenced by:
Environmental openness.
Variability in trials.
Object interaction.
Body movement requirements.
Page 19: Practical Uses of Gentile's Taxonomy
Establishes a basis for selecting appropriate activity progressions and tracking motor performance advancements.
Useful for evaluating deficiencies in motor performance.
