History Quarterly study guide

Industrial Revolution

• The Industrial Revolution began when Samuel Slater, a British mechanic, memorized the patterns and replicated textile mills in America.

• This started the Industrial Revolution by having jobs previously done by humans done by machines.

• The cotton gin, invented by Eli Whitney, made slaves picking cotton work twice as fast, increasing the demand in cotton and in slaves.

  Missouri Compromise

• Missouri wanted statehood in 1821

• This became an issue because at that time, there was already a balance between free and slave states in the House of Representatives

• Henry Clay proposed a compromise, stating that Missouri would enter as a slave state, and Maine as a free state

• Stated that any state admitted above 36’30 latitude would be free, and anything below it would be a slave state

  Voting Requirements in the 1820’s

• In order to vote, owning property was no longer a requirement

• This meant only white men were able to vote.

  Spoils System

• Jackson fired over 200 government employees and replaced them with his supporters.

  Nullification Crisis

• High tariffs were set in place, and South Carolina wanted to nullify (cancel) the tariffs.

• The government refused to allow this, so South Carolina threatened to secede.

  War on the Bank

• Jackson closed the National Bank and withdrew all the money from it.

• This later led to the Panic of 1837.

  Indian Territory

• The Five Civilized Tribes relocated to the Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma)

  Treaty of Echota

• Stated that Natives could receive compensation if they accepted the forceful removal.

• Natives were forced to sign

  Panic of 1837

• State banks loaned out too much money, leading to high inflation

• A financial crisis that severely damaged the economy

• Due to this, Van Buren worked with Congress to establish a federal treasury where the federal government could keep its money.

  Manifest Destiny

• The belief that Americans had the right to expand westward

• Anglo-Texans were Americans living in Texas

• Tejanos were Mexicans living in Texas

• Three conditions placed on Anglo-Texans were no slavery, had to learn Spanish, and had to become Catholic

• The Americans were attracted to Texas because of cheap land.

  Mexican-American War

• Texans forced Santa Anna to sign the Treaty of Velasco, recognizing Texas as an independent nation.

• The Mexican-American War was caused by the annexation of Texas and the dispute between the Rio Grande border.

• James K. Polk, (11th U.S. President), made war plans and persuaded Congress to declare war.

  Polk’s Three-Part Plan:

• 1) The U.S. would drive Mexicans out of Texas

• 2) The U.S. would seize New Mexico and California

• 3) Capture Mexico City

  California Gold Rush:

• A frenzy for gold that mostly attracted immigrant men to try to find gold.

  California State Constitution of 1849:

• The California State Constitution banned slavery causing issues in Congress.

  Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

• Mexico ceded California and New Mexico for $15 million.

• Abolitionists are people against slavery.