Chapter 3 APUSH Notes

John Calvin – 1536 – Institutes of the Christian Religion - predestination

Puritans wanted to totally “de-Catholicize” the Church of England – they thought it was taking too long, so some extreme Puritans became Pilgrims and wanted a complete break from the Church of England (Anglican Church)

1608- Pilgrims (Separatists) went to Holland, but were upset that their children were being raised Dutch, rather than English.  They got permission from the Virginia Company to go to North America

Their ship, the Mayflower, landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts and the colony became known as Plymouth

Mayflower Compact- Created a covenant community based on majority rule.  Established the concept of self-government.

Squanto-Indian, served as interpreter and taught the colonists about farming.

1621- First Thanksgiving - 3 day festival with the Indians to celebrate the first harvest.

First winter 1620-21 in which only 44 of 102 survived

William Bradford was elected governor of Plymouth Colony 30 times

In 1625, England’s new king, Charles I, tried to enforce conformity in religion.  A group of people known as the Puritans wanted to “purify” the Church of England by getting rid of statues, paintings, instrumental music, and celebrations at Christmas and marriages. \n Unlike the Separatists (Pilgrims), the Puritans remained members of the Church of England

Beginning in 1630, 40,000 settled in the West Indies and another 20,000 settled in the newly founded Massachusetts Bay Colony.  This movement from England to the Americas was known as the Great English Migration.

The first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony (different than Plymouth) was John Winthrop

They created a Theocracy which means that the government was run by the Church.  Everyone had to attend church and pay taxes to  support the church.

Education was important to the Puritans because everyone was supposed to be able to read the Bible. \n First college in New England was Harvard in 1636.

Puritan values include: Hard work, savings, honesty

The colonies of Connecticut and Maine grew out of Massachusetts Bay Colony \n Pequot War – 1637 – 1st war between Indians and Englishmen – English brutally attacked Pequot village and burned it down, shooting any survivors

Metacom-King Phillips War \n People that went against the Puritan way were called dissenters .

Roger Williams- Claimed that the king of England had no right to give away Indian land and that the government should have no authority over religious matters, founded the colony of Rhode Island as a haven for independent thinkers – complete religious freedom for all Rhode Island settlers

Anne Hutchinson- claimed that people could find divine guidance without ministers.

Antinomianism- the belief that if predestination is true, then why should we obey laws

Britain was preoccupied – salutary neglect \n New England Confederation- First step toward colonial unity

Dominion of New England-Main goal was to enforce the Navigation Acts (end salutary neglect) – enforce policy of mercantilism and end smuggling by the colonists \n Middle colonies- New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware (welcomed everyone)

Pennsylvania- settled by quackers, No tax supported churches

Middle colony characteristics- fertile soil, bread basket, navigable rivers, good for trade, Lumbering and shipbuilding;  commerce and growth of seaports, Population more ethnically mixed

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