Making Salts

Salt Formation

• A salt is formed when an acid reacts with a base or alkali.
• The first part of the salt's name comes from the metal in the base or alkali.
• The second part of the salt's name comes from the acid.
  • Example: Potassium sulphate
    • Potassium comes from potassium hydroxide.
    • Sulphate comes from sulphuric acid.
• Word equation example:
  • potassium hydroxide + sulphuric acid \rightarrow potassium sulphate + water
• Different salts are made from different acids.

Making Salts: Word Equations

• Key concept: Writing word equations for neutralisation reactions.
• Key concept: Determining the salt produced from a specific acid and base or alkali.
• Important relationships:
  • Chlorides are made from hydrochloric acid.
  • Sulphates are made from sulphuric acid.
  • Nitrates are made from nitric acid.

Practice Word Equations

• Potassium hydroxide reacting with sulphuric acid:
  • potassium hydroxide + sulphuric acid \rightarrow potassium sulphate + water
• Potassium hydroxide reacting with nitric acid:
  • potassium hydroxide + nitric acid \rightarrow potassium nitrate + water
• Potassium hydroxide reacting with hydrochloric acid:
  • potassium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid \rightarrow potassium chloride + water
• Calcium hydroxide reacting with hydrochloric acid:
  • calcium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid \rightarrow calcium chloride + water
• Magnesium oxide reacting with hydrochloric acid:
  • magnesium oxide + hydrochloric acid \rightarrow magnesium chloride + water
• Calcium hydroxide reacting with sulphuric acid:
  • calcium hydroxide + sulphuric acid \rightarrow calcium sulphate + water