Untitled Flashcards Set

place of articulation

> bilabial: both lips are used to articulate sounds, e.g. /m/, /b/ > dental: the tip of the tongue and both upper and lower teeth are used, e.g. /0/ as in 'thin', /d/ as in 'this' > labiodental: the upper teeth and lower lip are used, e.g. /v/, /f/ > alveolar: the tip or blade of the tongue comes into contact with the alveolar ridge, the area between the upper teeth and the hard palate, e.g. /n/, /s/, /z/ > palato-alveolar: the tongue comes into contact with the back of the alveolar ridge, e.g. /j7 as in 'ship', 1^1 as in 'leisure' > palatal: the tongue comes into contact with the hard palate, e.g. /j/ as in 'you' > velar: the back of the tongue comes into contact with the soft palate, e.g. /k/, /g/ > glottal: airflow is obstructed in the glottis, e.g. /h/ > labial-velar: a sound is made by simultaneous articulation at the lips (labial-) and the velum (soft part of the roof of the mouth, -velar), e.g. /w

manner of articulation:

> plosive: a complete stop or closure and then an explosion of air, e.g. /b/, /p/ > nasal: a complete closure at some point in the mouth and lower soft palate so air escapes through the naval cavity, e.g. /m/, /n/ > fricative: a narrowing between articulators creates friction as air passes, e.g. /f/, /z/ > affricate: begins like a plosive but transitions into a fricative upon release, e-g- /tj/, /dj/ > lateral: air passes round the side of the tongue, e.g. /I/ > approximant: very little obstruction, sometimes referred to as semivowels, e.g. /w/, /j/

universal grammar - chomsky

→ children are born with innate knowledgevthat allows them to adopt any language

• there are sets of rules that are assumed to be universal - grammar

• children are born with a LAD (language aquisition device) → organises language in various grammatical ways

usage based theory - tomaselllo

→ language is aquired with social interaction in conjusction with cognitive skills

• the impotance of the primary caregiver and their interactions with a child - genie and her deprivation from a caregiver resulting in her being unable to effectively communication and aquire knowledge

• deveoloping language congnitively by linking functions to grammar