CIS-100 Midterm

In the world of digital literacy, understanding the primary focus is crucial. Digital literacy is about more than just using a computer; it's about using tools to actively engage in the computerized world.

The microchip, born in 1947, revolutionized computers, making them smaller and faster.

Surprisingly, a smartphone surpasses the computing power of the Apollo 11 mission's computer.

The ARPANET, born in the 1960s, emerged from the military's need to share information across bases.

The early 1970s introduced TCP and IP, essential networking protocols for effective computer communication.

Around 1990, the government gave ownership of the internet to the public, leading to the birth of the World Wide Web.

Internet and the World Wide Web are often confused, but they are not the same.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) focuses on recognizing patterns and making decisions.

Virtual Reality (VR) finds one of its potential applications in enhancing gaming experiences.

Quantum computing, aiming to go beyond ones and zeros, is the next frontier in computer processing.

Using machines and robots aims at automating tasks for faster and more consistent performance.

Computers, whether desktops, laptops, or smartphones, perform four basic tasks: accepting, processing, storing information, and outputting results.

Both the human brain and computers use their five senses to accept and process information.

The primary language a computer understands, consisting of 0s and 1s, is Binary.

A byte, the basic unit of information, consists of eight bits.

Computer bus systems connect internal and external devices, facilitating data transfer.

Hertz measures the frequency of a repeating process per second.

Giga (G) represents billions in metric prefixes.

Kilo (K) represents thousands in metric prefixes.

If a computer's RAM has a capacity of 8,000,000 bytes, it is expressed as 8 Megabytes (MB)

Unplugging the power cable before working on internal parts avoids the risk of electric shock and damage.

Discharging static electricity involves touching something metal, like the computer case.

The operating system's primary role is to provide an environment for applications to run.

Applications or programs allow users to perform specific tasks or activities on a computer.

UI, in software and device interaction, stands for User Interface.

Modern operating systems provide graphical interfaces for user interaction.

The operating system manages memory usage by setting aside portions of RAM for each application.

UEFI has replaced BIOS, providing a user-friendly interface for changes to the startup environment.

The Power-On Self-Test (POST) checks if the hardware is operating as expected during a computer's startup process.

For applications requiring processing power and high-end graphics, desktops are preferred over laptops, tablets, or smartphones.

Wearable technology devices, like Smart Watches or fitness trackers, function in answering calls and checking health metrics.

Spreadsheet software's primary purpose is organizing and calculating data.

Word processing software, similar to pen and paper, is used for creating and editing documents.

Frequent computer restarts are a common symptom of software problems.

Checking for software updates and restarting your device is essential to resolve software issues and apply bug fixes.

For software constantly crashing or causing system slowness, uninstalling and reinstalling the problematic software is recommended.

Running a scan for viruses or malware improves data security on your computer.