Week 12 | Day 2 | PSYA02
-– Continuing from last lecture —
The Diathesis-Stress Model
Diathesis-Stress Model: The idea that both genes and stressful situations team up to cause mental and physical illnesses
- Plasticity versus vulnerability factor
Pathways from Stress to Mental and Physical Disease
Chronic inflammation: prolonged exposure to inflammatory proteins can lead to cell death and tissue damage
Biological aging: Older cells unable to divorce or function
- Increased risk for diseases of aging (eg. cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disorders)
General Adaptation Syndrome
- Repeated, chronic stress causes a constant stress response
- This constant stress response can result in Generation Adaptation Syndrome
- Alarm Phase
- Individual healthy reaction to stress
- Resistance Phase
- Body adapts to high stress; non-stress-related processes are shut down (like sleep)
- Exhaustion Phase
- Body cannot cope with other processes being shut down. Illness, death, or injury can occur
Reducing Stress and Enhancing Resilience
- There are behaviours you can engage in to protect yourself from the negative effects of stress
- These behaviours can have direct effects on health outcomes and stress-buffering effects
- Enhance resilience to stressors
To improve resilience:
- Engage in physically active lifestyle
- Healthy sleep schedule
- Healthy diet
- Maintain social support
- Use relaxation techniques
– New lecture –
Sex :(
- Biologically determined
- Genes, hormones, genetics
- Examples
- Males, females, intersex
Gender
- Gender
- Psychologically and societally determined
- Related to biology, but not determined by it
- Spectral, multifaceted
Gender roles: cultural expectations as to how women and men should look and act
Gender identity: whether a person subjectively feels like a woman or a man
Terminology
Cisgender: gender identity matches biological sex at birth
Transgender: identity that differs from biological sex at birth
Gender Non-Binary: don’t identify as either male or female
Transgender woman: male at birth, gender identity is woman
Transgender man: female at birth, man as gender
Gender dysphoria: distress brought about by having a gender identity that doesn’t match one’s biological sex
- Often helped by hormone replacement therapy and/or gender confirmation surgery