neurosci

1.     What is the general function of receptors – what is transduction?

2.     What are the main functional components of receptors?

3.     How do ionotropic, enzyme linked, intracellular, and metabotropic receptors operate?

4.     What are the typical ligands of these different types of receptors?

5.     What determines whether stimulation of an ionotropic or metabotropic receptor results in an EPSP or IPSP?

6.     How do these receptor types differ in onset, anatomical spread, and duration of action?

7.     How do these receptor types differ in signal amplification?

8.     What is the difference between the shortcut pathway and the second messenger pathway and which G-protein subunits can activate these pathways?

9.     What are the differences between homomeric and heterotrimeric metabotropic receptors?

10.  What are G proteins, effectors, second messengers?

11.  What are the signaling cascades activated by Gi/o, Gs, and Gq-coupled metabotropic receptors?