Untitled Flashcards Set

Exam 2 review 

Richardsonian Romanesque(1880s-1900s) 

Key concepts 

• Origins: Developed by Henry Hobson Richardson, this style drew inspiration from Romanesque, Norman, and Syrian early Christian architecture. 

• Characteristics: emphasized monumental scaled, rough-faced stone, and rounded arches 

• Significance: represented a reaction against the ornate Victorian style, focusing on structural honesty and simplicity 

Architectural Features 

Exterior Features

• Rough-face stone: gave building timeless appearances 

• Rounded arches: used in windows, doorways, and arcades 

• Squatty columns: short, thich columns supporting arches(look like choads)

• Polychrome masonry: used of contrasting stone colors for decorative purposes(different colored brick)

• Asymmetrical facades: created visual interest and depth 

• Contrasting colored voussoirs(top of the arch) 

Interior Features 

• Barrel vault ceilings: semicircular ceilings inspired by Romanesque churches 

• Stain glass windows: added color and light to the interior 

• Medieval-style carvings: used in woodwork and stone details 

Classical Eclcticism(19th century) 

Key concepts 

• Origins: emerged in the 19th century as architects combined elements from greek, Roman, Renaissance, and Baroque architecture

• Influences:emphasized symmetry, proportion, and classical order 

• Significance: the worlds columbian exposition(1893) in chicago popularized the beaux-art style 

Architectural style 

1. Neo-renaissance- characteristics: rectangular block form, rustication, arched windows, and low-pitched hipped roofs

2. beaux-Arts- characteristics: Monumental scale, symmetrical planning, five-part facades, and the use of classical order(corinthian columns)

3. Neoclassical revival- characteristics: Temple fronts with corinthian columns, flat roofs and focus on symmetry

Interiors and furnishings 

Beaux-arts interiors:

• Grand staircases-often the focal point of the interior

• Gilded ceilings- added a senses of grandeur 

• Classical motifs- used in furniture and decorative arts 

Neo-renaissance interior:

• Symmetrical layouts: reflected the order and balance of renaissance design 

• Rich materials: marble, wood, and plaster 

Colonel Revival(1880s-1930s) 

Key concepts 

• Origins: emerged as a response to industrialization, urbanization, and immigration, Symbolized America’s heritage and nostalgia for the colonial past 

• Influences: drew from american georgian and federal architecture 

• Significance: the restoration of colonial williamsburg in the 1930w inspired accurate reproduction of colonial interiors

Architectural features 

Exteriors Features  

• Central chimney: symbolized warmth and tradition 

• Gambrel roof: double-sloped roof often seen in dutch colonial revival homes

• Clapboard siding:wooden siding for rustic appearance

• Dormer windows: added light and space to upper floors

• Decorative balustrades: used on porches and staircases 

Interiors features 

• Low, flat ceiling with white paneling: created a sense of simplicity 

• wrought iron hardware: added colonial touch 

• Chippendale-style furniture: popular for its ornate craftsmanship

• Peg rails: used for hanging items, reflecting practicality 

Spanish colonial revival(1880-1930s)

Key concepts 

Origins:emerged in the late 19th century, inspired by spanish colonies in the americas, popularized after the panama-california internation exposition 

Influences: Drew from spanish colonial, mission revival, pueblo revival, and moroccan/ north african design 

Significance: symbolized with hispanic heritage and regional identity, blending historical accuracy with romanticized visions of the spanish empire 

Architectural features 

Exterior:

• Red tile roof-signature element 

• White stucco walls- simple and bright 

• Arched porches and windows- added grandeur 

• Decorative tiles-used for walls, floors, and fountains 

• Courtyards and patios- central to the design, emphasizing outdoor living 

Interior 

• Plastered white walls-clean and bright 

• Coffererd or beamed ceilings- added texture

• Colorful ceramic tiles- used in kitchens or bathrooms

• Arched openings- created flow between rooms 

Hotel Ponce de Leon (St. Augustine, FL, 1888):

Features decorative tiles,arched windows, and a grand courtyard.

California Tower (Balboa Park, San Diego, CA, 1915–1916):

Known for its Churrigueresque ornamentation and colorful tiles.

La Casa Grande (Hearst Castle, San Simeon, CA, 1919):

Combines Spanish Colonial Revival with Mediterranean influences, featuring ornate courtyards and tile roofs.

Shakers (1774-1900)

Key concepts 

• Origins: founded by mother ann lee, the shakers emphasized simplicity, functionality, and communal living 

• Influences: focused on honest craftsmanship and utilitarian design 

• Significance: known for their innovative furniture and labor-saving devices 

Architectural features 

Exterior features

• Plain form-simple, unadorned design 

• Double entrances- reflected gender separation in communal living 

• Symmetrical planning- suppoeted rhe shakers’ orderly lifestyle 

Interior features 

• Peg rails: used for hanging furniture and tools 

• Built-in storage: encouraged minimalism and shared resources 

• White plaster walls: created a sense of cleanliness and simplicity

Meeting house- features a plain, symmetrical design with a double entrance 

Family dwelling house- showcase built-in storage and peg rails 

Aesthetic Movement 

Key concepts 

• Origins: focused on beauty and artistic expression, rejecting the industrial aesthetic of the victorian era 

• Influences: drew from japanese, chinese, and middle eastern design 

• Significance: emphasized art for arts sake, with interiors and decorative arts as central to the movement 

Architectural Features 

Exterior

• Asymmetrical facades- created visual interest 

• Japanese-inspired details- fretwork, faux bamboo, and dark finishes 

• Vernacular materials- used to create a sense of regional identity 

Interior 

• Tertiary colors- muted greens, blues, and pinks

• Eclectic furnishings- mixed styles from different cultures and periods 

• Patterned walls and floors- added visual complexity 

Showcasing aesthetic movement principles 

Featuring gilded vaulting and oriental porcelain displays 

English arts and crafts( 1860s-1910s)

Key concepts 

• Origins: emerged in england as a rection against industrialization, led by figures like william morris and john ruskin 

• Influences: medieveal creaftsmanship, gothic revival, japanese design 

• Significance: emphasized handcrafted good, simplicity, and honesty use of materials, rejecting mass production

Architectural Features 

Exterior features 

• Natural materials- stone, wood, and brick

• Steeply pitched roof-often with broad overhangs 

• Asymmetrical facades- reflecting organic growth 

• Large chimneys- a prominent feature

• Leaded glass windows- often with floral or geometric patterns 

Interior Features 

• Handcrafted furniture- simples, functional, and made of oak 

• Built-in cabinetry- emphasizing practicality 

• Exposed beams- highlight structural honesty 

• Inglenooks- cozy fireplace nooks 

• Textiles and wallpaper- designed by william morris, featuring nature-inspired patterns 

Quintessential example of arts and crafts architecture, featuring handcrafted details and medieval influences 

Features a white stucco facade, horizontal windows, and deep roof with broad overhangs 

Known for its simplicity, asymmetry, and integration with nature