MAPEH

Chinese Art

• Theme: Chinese art includes various forms such as painting, calligraphy, architecture, and Peking Opera.

• Chinese Painting:

  • Landscape painting is the highest form of art.

  • The three key concepts are Nature, Heaven, and Humankind, emphasizing the balance of Ying-Yang.

  • Subjects include:

    • Landscape: Natural scenes.

    • Flowers and Birds: Beauty and harmony.

    • Palaces and Temples: Architectural grandeur.

    • Human Figures: People and stories.

    • Animals: Symbolism and cultural significance.

    • Bamboo and Stones: Resilience and strength.

  • Six Principles of Chinese Painting: Rhythm, space, brushwork, color, tradition, and proportion (5th century, Xie He).

• Calligraphy: The art of beautiful handwriting on paper or silk.

• Traditional Architecture:

  • Roof types:

    • Straight Inclined: Common architecture.

    • Multi-Inclined: Wealthy residences.

    • Sweeping: Temples and palaces.

• Peking Opera:

  • Face-painting (Lianpu) uses colors to represent character traits.

  • Colors' meanings:

    • Red: Devotion, courage, loyalty.

    • Yellow: Fierceness, ambition.

    • Green: Specific character type.

    • Black: Roughness, impartiality.

    • Purple: Justice, nobility.

    • White: Treachery.

    • Gold/Silver: Gods and spirits.

Japanese Art

• Theme: Japanese art encompasses a variety of expressions, including painting, woodblock prints, Kabuki makeup, traditional clothing, and crafts.

• Japanese Art:

  • Includes pottery, sculpture, ink painting, and calligraphy.

  • Ukiyo-e: Woodblock prints depicting daily life and landscapes.

  • Kabuki Makeup (Kesyo):

    • Standard Makeup: For most actors.

    • Kumadori Makeup: For heroes/villains, with dramatic shapes and colors.

  • Traditional Clothing:

    • Kimono: Silk robe worn by both genders.

  • Crafts:

    • Hinamatsuri Dolls: Pyramidal bodies, used in festivals.

    • Daruma Dolls: Red with no pupils, symbolizing perseverance.

    • Kokeshi Dolls: Simple, cylindrical body, representing little girls.

    • Ikebana: Flower arrangement symbolizing Heaven, Earth, and Man.

    • Origami: Paper folding turned into modern art.

Korean Art

• Theme: Korean art is influenced by Chinese and Japanese traditions, but it maintains unique expressions of simplicity and harmony with nature.

• Korean Art:

  • Masks: Used in rituals, performances, and ceremonies.

  • Talchum: Masked dance combining miming, singing, and satire.

  • Calligraphy: Uses Hangul (Korean alphabet) or Hanja (Chinese characters), known for circular strokes.

  • Hwajeopdo (Picture of Flowers and Butterflies): Landscape and Buddhist themes.

  • Korean Drama (K-Drama): Popular televised series in various genres.

Chinese Music

• Theme: The music of China emphasizes harmony between individuals and the environment, with a variety of traditional instruments.

• Geographical & Cultural Context:

  • China is a large country with a rich history of innovation and cultural influence across Asia.

  • Music is monophonic, typically focusing on a single melody line.

• Instrument Classification:

  • Silk: String instruments like Guzheng.

  • Bamboo: Wind instruments like Dizhi.

  • Gourd, Metal, Stone, Clay, Skin, Wood: Various percussion and wind instruments.

• Examples:

  • Guzheng: Seven-stringed zither.

  • Dizhi: Bamboo flute.

  • Sheng: Mouth organ with bamboo pipes.

  • Chung: Bronze bells.

  • Xun: Clay flute.

  • Muyu: Wooden percussion instrument.

Japanese Music

• Theme: Japanese traditional music, especially Gagaku, involves unique instruments and rhythmic patterns.

• Japanese Culture:

  • Japan is an archipelago with a rich cultural heritage.

  • Traditional music features wide rhythms, and body movement influences the performance.

• Gagaku Ensemble:

  • Hichiriki: Double-reed flute.

  • Ryuteki: Bamboo flute.

  • Sho: Bamboo mouth organ.

  • Biwa: Four-stringed instrument.

  • Wagon: Japanese harp.

Music of Korea

Geographical Context:
Korea is located on the Korean Peninsula, bordered by China to the northwest and Russia to the northeast. The peninsula has plains in the south and west, with mountainous terrain in the east and north. Mount Paektu, the highest peak in Korea, stands at 2,744 meters and marks the border with China.

Korean Musical Identity:
While Korean music has been influenced by Chinese traditions, it retains distinct characteristics, particularly favoring lower pitch registers in both instrumental and vocal genres.

Key Genres:

• Pansori: A traditional vocal and percussive art form featuring a solo singer and drummer who narrates stories, often playing multiple characters.

• Pungmul: A vibrant folk music tradition that includes percussion, drumming, dancing, and singing, typically performed outdoors.

• Sanjo: A fast-paced genre of traditional Korean music, characterized by continuous performance without pauses.

• Jeongak: Instrumental and vocal music cultivated by the upper class of Joseon society.

• Nongak: "Farmers' music" developed in agricultural society, typically performed in open village areas.

• Shinawi/Sinawi: Shamanistic music performed during rituals to appease deities, often involving spirit chamber music called "kut."

• Salpuri: A shamanistic dance performed to exorcise evil spirits.

• Korean Court Music: Preserved from the Joseon Dynasty, primarily performed by government-sponsored organizations.

• Aak: Court music used in ritual ceremonies.

• Dangak/Tangak: Music originating from the Tang dynasty, often used in Confucian rituals.

• Hyangak: Local music that includes pieces like Sujecheon, featuring stringed and woodwind instruments.

Traditional Instruments:

• Jing: A large gong used in traditional Korean music, particularly in samul nori, pungmul, and daechwita.

• Kkwaenggwari: A small flat gong producing a high-pitched, metallic tone.

• Buk: A traditional Korean drum, typically shallow and barrel-shaped.

• Nanggu: A slim waist drum, symbolizing the union of Um and Yang.

• Bianzhong: Ancient Chinese bronze bells used melodically.

• Bianqing: L-shaped flat stone chimes used in Chinese percussion.

Communicable Disease

Definition:
A communicable disease spreads from person to person and can be caught from someone or something else.

How Communicable Diseases Spread: Germs (microbes) invade the body, causing illness. They can be transferred through coughing, sneezing, sexual intercourse, or fecal waste.

Types of Germs:

• Bacteria: Tiny organisms causing illnesses like sore throat, ear infections, and pneumonia.

• Viruses: Depend on a host to reproduce, causing diseases like chickenpox and flu.

• Fungi: Plant-like organisms causing infections.

• Protozoa: Single-celled organisms that spread diseases through contaminated water.

Preventive Methods:

• Wash hands regularly.

• Ensure food is well-cooked.

• Be cautious of insect-borne diseases.

• Wash fruits and vegetables.

• Avoid drinking contaminated water.

Common Diseases:

• Anthrax: Spread through infected animals.

• Chickenpox: Caused by the varicella virus.

• Cholera: A bacterial infection causing severe diarrhea.

• Dengue Fever: A viral fever spread by mosquitoes.

• Malaria: A fever caused by protozoa, transmitted by mosquitoes.

• Tuberculosis: An infectious disease, especially affecting the lungs.

Volleyball Special Olympics

Sport Season:
April - June
Culminating State Events:
State Summer Games

Events Offered:

• Skills Team Competition

• Modified Team Competition

• Unified Team Competition

Uniform & Equipment:

• Court size: 59' x 29'6"

• Net height: 2.43m (men/coed), 2.24m (women)

• Volleyball size: 25.6-26.4 inches in circumference, 9.1-9.8 oz weight

Team Size:

• Minimum 7 players, max 12

• Starting lineup: 6 players

• Maximum 12 substitutions per set

Unified Competition:

• Proportionate number of athletes and partners

• Lineup: Max 3 athletes and 3 partners

General Rules:

• Rally scoring system

• Ball can be hit with any part of the body

• Timeouts: 2 per set

• Substitutions: Max 12 per set

Scoring:

• Best of 3 out of 5 sets

• Tiebreaker: 15 points

• Teams switch sides after 8 points scored

Libero Player:

• Defensive role only

• Can replace any back-row player

• Unlimited replacements during a set

Modified Team Competitions:

• Net height: 7'4-1/8"

• Modified volleyball ball used

• 3-point serving rule

Individual Skills Contest:

• Events: Serving, Passing, Setting, Attacking, Digging

• Designed for lower ability or new athletes

What is Volleyball?

Overview:

• Played by two teams of 6 players, with a ball and a net.

• The goal is to win a rally by scoring points.

Court Dimensions:

• 18 meters long, 9 meters wide

• Net height varies (2.43m for men, 2.24m for women)

Positions & Techniques:

• Setter: The player who sets up the ball for spiking.

• Libero: Defensive specialist with a different jersey.

• Middle Blocker: Best blocker and fast attacker.

• Outside Hitter: The primary attacker.

• Opposite Hitter: Focuses on blocking.

Key Techniques:

• Serve: Starting the game by hitting the ball over the net.

• Bump (Pass): Hitting the ball below the head.

• Set: Lifting the ball for a spike.

• Spike: Hard hitting of the ball.

• Dink: A soft touch over the net.

• Block: Stopping the ball from crossing the net.

• Dig: A defensive move to save low balls.