Unit 4 - Sensation v. Perception
EQ: How do we function with our bodies sensations and perceptions?
Sensation - The brain recives input from the sensory organs.
“The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system recieve and represent stimulus enegeries from our enviornment.”
Perception - The brain makes sense out of the input from sensory organs.
“The process of organizing and interpreting sensory info, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.”
Making Sense of the World:
Bottom-up processing - Taking sensory info and then assembling and integrating it.
“Sensing for the first time.”
Top-down processing - Using models, ideas, and expectations to interpret sensory information.
Thresholds:
Absolute Threshold - Refers to min. level of stimulus intensity needed to detect a stimulus half the time. (50% Correct Detection)
If it is below, then it is subliminal
Subliminal Detection -
Subliminal - Below our threshold for being able to consciously detect a stimulus.
Signal Detection Theory - Refers to wether or not we detect a stimulus, escpecially amidst background noise.
This depends not just on intensity of the stimulus but our psychological factors such as the persons experiences, expextations, motivations, and alertness.
Difference Threshold - The min. amount of difference needed to detect that two stimuli are not the same at least 50% of the time.
ie. changing a TV volume
Webers Law - We notice as percetnages of changes rather than as a set number.
Perceptual Set: What we expect to see, which influences what we do see. (ie. Urban Monsters)
Primed - To be primed means to have your perception influenced by what you expect.
Sensory Adaptation - To detect novelty in our surroundings, our senses tune out a constant stimulus.
Senses:
Parapsychology - study of paranormal phenomena
Extrasensory Perception (ESP) - perception can occur apart from sensory
Input:
Telepathy - mind reading
Clairvoyance - perceiving remote events
Precognition - perceiving future events
Vision: Energy, Sensation, and Perception
We encounter waves of electromagnetic radiation. Our eyes respond to some of these waves. Our brain turns these energy wave sensations into colors.
Color/Hue and Brightness - We perceive the wavelength/frequency of the electromagnetic waves as color, or hue. The height/amplitude of the waves as intensity or brightness.
Great Amplitude (Bright Colors) - Large up and down waves
Small Amplitude (Dull Colors) - Short up and down
Short Wavelength (High frq. + Blueish Colors) - Short left and right
Long Wavelength (Low frq. + Redish Colors) + Long left and right
The EYE -
Light from the candle passes through the cornea and the pupil, and gets focused and inverted by the lens.
The light then lands on the retina, where it begins the process of transduction into neural impulses to be sent out through the optic nerve.
The lens is not rigid; it can perform accommodation by changing shape to focus on near or far objects.
Hearing -
Sound -
Unit 4 - Sensation v. Perception
EQ: How do we function with our bodies sensations and perceptions?
Sensation - The brain recives input from the sensory organs.
“The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system recieve and represent stimulus enegeries from our enviornment.”
Perception - The brain makes sense out of the input from sensory organs.
“The process of organizing and interpreting sensory info, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.”
Making Sense of the World:
Bottom-up processing - Taking sensory info and then assembling and integrating it.
“Sensing for the first time.”
Top-down processing - Using models, ideas, and expectations to interpret sensory information.
Thresholds:
Absolute Threshold - Refers to min. level of stimulus intensity needed to detect a stimulus half the time. (50% Correct Detection)
If it is below, then it is subliminal
Subliminal Detection -
Subliminal - Below our threshold for being able to consciously detect a stimulus.
Signal Detection Theory - Refers to wether or not we detect a stimulus, escpecially amidst background noise.
This depends not just on intensity of the stimulus but our psychological factors such as the persons experiences, expextations, motivations, and alertness.
Difference Threshold - The min. amount of difference needed to detect that two stimuli are not the same at least 50% of the time.
ie. changing a TV volume
Webers Law - We notice as percetnages of changes rather than as a set number.
Perceptual Set: What we expect to see, which influences what we do see. (ie. Urban Monsters)
Primed - To be primed means to have your perception influenced by what you expect.
Sensory Adaptation - To detect novelty in our surroundings, our senses tune out a constant stimulus.
Senses:
Parapsychology - study of paranormal phenomena
Extrasensory Perception (ESP) - perception can occur apart from sensory
Input:
Telepathy - mind reading
Clairvoyance - perceiving remote events
Precognition - perceiving future events
Vision: Energy, Sensation, and Perception
We encounter waves of electromagnetic radiation. Our eyes respond to some of these waves. Our brain turns these energy wave sensations into colors.
Color/Hue and Brightness - We perceive the wavelength/frequency of the electromagnetic waves as color, or hue. The height/amplitude of the waves as intensity or brightness.
Great Amplitude (Bright Colors) - Large up and down waves
Small Amplitude (Dull Colors) - Short up and down
Short Wavelength (High frq. + Blueish Colors) - Short left and right
Long Wavelength (Low frq. + Redish Colors) + Long left and right
The EYE -
Light from the candle passes through the cornea and the pupil, and gets focused and inverted by the lens.
The light then lands on the retina, where it begins the process of transduction into neural impulses to be sent out through the optic nerve.
The lens is not rigid; it can perform accommodation by changing shape to focus on near or far objects.
Hearing -
Sound -
