Knowt

0.0(0)

Take a practice test

undefined Flashcards

0.0(0)

Studied by 0 people

Verb Basics

Verbs are action words.
Unconjugated Spanish verbs end in -ar, -er, or -ir.
This is the infinitive form: “to” + [verb]
- Ex: to talk, to read, to write → caminar, leer, escribir
When someone or something does an action, you must conjugate the verb accordingly.
This idea is subject-verb agreement, which is pretty much the same for English.
- Singular subjects pair with singular verbs.
  - Collective nouns are considered singular
  - Ex: a team, a couple, a crew, a class
- Plural subjects pair with plural verbs.
In Spanish, verbs have five specific conjugations based on the subject listed in the next chart.
- Once the verb is conjugated, you can actually omit the subject because you can tell who or what does the action based on the specific ending.

When to Use the Present Tense

Talking about actions and events happening right now.

Conjugation

Swap the “-ar/-er/-ir” with the following endings.
My future notes will use only use él, nosotros, and ellos in charts. Remember the subjects that share the same conjugation on your own!

Subject	English	-ar	-er	-ir
Yo	I	-o	-o	-o
Tú	You (informal)	-as	-es	-es
Él, ella, usted, eso*	He, she, you (formal), it	-a	-e	-e
Nosotros(as)*	We	-amos	-emos	-imos
Ellos(as), ustedes*	They, you guys	-an	-en	-en

*Eso (it) stands for all non-human beings/objects

Irregulars

Spanish has a tendency to stray away from every grammar rule it has. Pretty much every verb tense has irregulars.
In the present tense, irregulars come in the form of stem changes that apply to all subjects but nosotros.
Stem changing means swapping one letter from the verb’s original form.
There are also -go verbs: they end in “-go” only in the yo form.

-go Verbs

Verb	English	Yo “-go” Form
caer	to fall	yo caigo*
decir (e → i)	to say	yo digo
hacer	to do, to make	yo hago
jugar (u → ue)	to play (a game or sport)	yo juego
oír	to hear	yo oigo
poner	to put	yo pongo
salir	to leave, to go out	yo salgo
seguir (e → i)	to follow	yo sigo
tener (e → ie)	to have	yo tengo
traer	to bring	yo traigo*
venir (e → ie)	to come	yo vengo

*Double vowels in Spanish usually have an “e” that changes to an “i” when conjugated.

e → ie

Word	English	Yo	Tú	Él	Nosotros	Ellos
cerrar	to close	cierro	cierras	cierra	cerramos	cierran
comenzar	to start	comienzo	comienzas	comienza	comenzamos	comienzan
despertarse	to wake up	me despierto	te despiertas	se despierte	nos despertamos	se despiertan
divertirse	to have fun	me divierto	te diviertes	se divierte	nos divertimos	se divierten
empezar	to start	empiezo	empiezas	empieza	empezamos	empiezan
entender	to understand	entiendo	entiendes	entiende	entendemos	entienden
mentir	to lie	miento	mientes	miente	mentimos	mienten
nevar*	to snow			nieva
pensar	to think	pienso	piensas	piensa	pensamos	piensan
perder	to lose	pierdo	pierdes	pierde	perdemos	pierden
preferir	to lose	prefiero	prefieres	prefiere	preferimos	prefieren
recomendar	to recommend	recomiendo	recomiendas	recomiena	recomendamos	recomiendan
querer	to want	quiero	quieres	quiere	queremos	quieren
sentar	to sit down	siento	sientas	sienta	sentamos	sientan
sentir	to feel	siento	sientes	siente	sentimos	sienten
sugerir	to suggest	sugiero	sugieres	sugiere	sugerimos	sugieren
tener	to have	tengo	tienes	tiene	tenemos	tienen
venir	to come	vengo	vienes	viene	venimos	vienen

*I can’t snow. You can’t snow. He, she, we, and they can’t snow. Only the sky--a non-human thing--or “it” in general can snow.

o → ue

Word	English	Yo	Tú	Él	Nosotros	Ellos
almorzar	to have lunch	almuerzo	almuerzas	almuerza	almorzamos	almuerzan
aprobar	to approve	apruebo	apruebas	aprueba	aprobamos	aprueban
colgar	to hang (up)	cuelgo	cuelgas	cuelga	colgamos	cuelgan
contar	to count	cuento	cuentas	cuenta	contamos	cuentan
costar*	to cost			cuesta		cuestan
demostrar	to demonstrate	demuestro	demuestras	demuestra	demostramos	demuestran
dormir	to sleep	duermo	duermes	duerme	dormimos	duermen
encontrar	to find	encuentro	encuentras	encuentra	encontramos	encuentran
llover**	to rain			llueve
morir	to die	muerto	muertes	muerte	mortimos	muerten
poder	to be able to	puedo	puedes	puede	podimos	pueden
recordar	to remember	recuerdo	recuerdas	recuerda	recordamos	recuerdan
volar	to fly	vuelo	vuelas	vuela	volamos	vuelan

*Only things ~~can~~ should cost money, so yeah. Also, single things (it) or multiple things (they) can cost money.
**Same as “nevar” (to snow)

e → i

Word	English	Yo	Tú	Él	Nosotros	Ellos
corregir	to correct	corrigo	corriges	corrige	corregimos	corrigen
decir	to say	digo	dices	dice	decimos	dicen
pedir	to ask for	pido	pides	pide	pedimos	piden
repetir	to repeat	repito	repites	repite	repetimos	repiten
seguir	to follow	sigo	sigues	sigue	seguimos	siguen
servir	to serve	sirvo	sirves	sirve	servimos	sirven
vestirse	to get dressed	me visto	te vistes	se viste	nos vestimos	se visten

u → ue

Word	English	Yo	Tú	Él	Nosotros	Ellos
jugar	to play	juego	juegas	juega	jugamos	juegan

Jugar is literally the only word in the category.

Unique Changes

Verb	Definition	Yo	Tú	Él	Nosotros	Ellos
dar	to give	doy	das	da	damos	dan
estar	to be (temporary)	estoy	estás	está	estamos	están
ir	to go	voy	vas	va	vamos	van
ser	to be (permanent)	soy	eres	es	somos	son

Flashcards = practice conjugating one verb from each category (including a normal verb)

Home

Language

Spanish

Present Tense/El Presente

Verb Basics

Verbs are action words.
Unconjugated Spanish verbs end in -ar, -er, or -ir.
This is the infinitive form: “to” + [verb]
- Ex: to talk, to read, to write → caminar, leer, escribir
When someone or something does an action, you must conjugate the verb accordingly.
This idea is subject-verb agreement, which is pretty much the same for English.
- Singular subjects pair with singular verbs.
  - Collective nouns are considered singular
  - Ex: a team, a couple, a crew, a class
- Plural subjects pair with plural verbs.
In Spanish, verbs have five specific conjugations based on the subject listed in the next chart.
- Once the verb is conjugated, you can actually omit the subject because you can tell who or what does the action based on the specific ending.

When to Use the Present Tense

Talking about actions and events happening right now.

Conjugation

Swap the “-ar/-er/-ir” with the following endings.
My future notes will use only use él, nosotros, and ellos in charts. Remember the subjects that share the same conjugation on your own!

Subject	English	-ar	-er	-ir
Yo	I	-o	-o	-o
Tú	You (informal)	-as	-es	-es
Él, ella, usted, eso*	He, she, you (formal), it	-a	-e	-e
Nosotros(as)*	We	-amos	-emos	-imos
Ellos(as), ustedes*	They, you guys	-an	-en	-en

*Eso (it) stands for all non-human beings/objects

Irregulars

Spanish has a tendency to stray away from every grammar rule it has. Pretty much every verb tense has irregulars.
In the present tense, irregulars come in the form of stem changes that apply to all subjects but nosotros.
Stem changing means swapping one letter from the verb’s original form.
There are also -go verbs: they end in “-go” only in the yo form.

-go Verbs

Verb	English	Yo “-go” Form
caer	to fall	yo caigo*
decir (e → i)	to say	yo digo
hacer	to do, to make	yo hago
jugar (u → ue)	to play (a game or sport)	yo juego
oír	to hear	yo oigo
poner	to put	yo pongo
salir	to leave, to go out	yo salgo
seguir (e → i)	to follow	yo sigo
tener (e → ie)	to have	yo tengo
traer	to bring	yo traigo*
venir (e → ie)	to come	yo vengo

*Double vowels in Spanish usually have an “e” that changes to an “i” when conjugated.

e → ie

Word	English	Yo	Tú	Él	Nosotros	Ellos
cerrar	to close	cierro	cierras	cierra	cerramos	cierran
comenzar	to start	comienzo	comienzas	comienza	comenzamos	comienzan
despertarse	to wake up	me despierto	te despiertas	se despierte	nos despertamos	se despiertan
divertirse	to have fun	me divierto	te diviertes	se divierte	nos divertimos	se divierten
empezar	to start	empiezo	empiezas	empieza	empezamos	empiezan
entender	to understand	entiendo	entiendes	entiende	entendemos	entienden
mentir	to lie	miento	mientes	miente	mentimos	mienten
nevar*	to snow			nieva
pensar	to think	pienso	piensas	piensa	pensamos	piensan
perder	to lose	pierdo	pierdes	pierde	perdemos	pierden
preferir	to lose	prefiero	prefieres	prefiere	preferimos	prefieren
recomendar	to recommend	recomiendo	recomiendas	recomiena	recomendamos	recomiendan
querer	to want	quiero	quieres	quiere	queremos	quieren
sentar	to sit down	siento	sientas	sienta	sentamos	sientan
sentir	to feel	siento	sientes	siente	sentimos	sienten
sugerir	to suggest	sugiero	sugieres	sugiere	sugerimos	sugieren
tener	to have	tengo	tienes	tiene	tenemos	tienen
venir	to come	vengo	vienes	viene	venimos	vienen

*I can’t snow. You can’t snow. He, she, we, and they can’t snow. Only the sky--a non-human thing--or “it” in general can snow.

o → ue

Word	English	Yo	Tú	Él	Nosotros	Ellos
almorzar	to have lunch	almuerzo	almuerzas	almuerza	almorzamos	almuerzan
aprobar	to approve	apruebo	apruebas	aprueba	aprobamos	aprueban
colgar	to hang (up)	cuelgo	cuelgas	cuelga	colgamos	cuelgan
contar	to count	cuento	cuentas	cuenta	contamos	cuentan
costar*	to cost			cuesta		cuestan
demostrar	to demonstrate	demuestro	demuestras	demuestra	demostramos	demuestran
dormir	to sleep	duermo	duermes	duerme	dormimos	duermen
encontrar	to find	encuentro	encuentras	encuentra	encontramos	encuentran
llover**	to rain			llueve
morir	to die	muerto	muertes	muerte	mortimos	muerten
poder	to be able to	puedo	puedes	puede	podimos	pueden
recordar	to remember	recuerdo	recuerdas	recuerda	recordamos	recuerdan
volar	to fly	vuelo	vuelas	vuela	volamos	vuelan

*Only things ~~can~~ should cost money, so yeah. Also, single things (it) or multiple things (they) can cost money.
**Same as “nevar” (to snow)

e → i

Word	English	Yo	Tú	Él	Nosotros	Ellos
corregir	to correct	corrigo	corriges	corrige	corregimos	corrigen
decir	to say	digo	dices	dice	decimos	dicen
pedir	to ask for	pido	pides	pide	pedimos	piden
repetir	to repeat	repito	repites	repite	repetimos	repiten
seguir	to follow	sigo	sigues	sigue	seguimos	siguen
servir	to serve	sirvo	sirves	sirve	servimos	sirven
vestirse	to get dressed	me visto	te vistes	se viste	nos vestimos	se visten

u → ue

Word	English	Yo	Tú	Él	Nosotros	Ellos
jugar	to play	juego	juegas	juega	jugamos	juegan

Jugar is literally the only word in the category.

Unique Changes

Verb	Definition	Yo	Tú	Él	Nosotros	Ellos
dar	to give	doy	das	da	damos	dan
estar	to be (temporary)	estoy	estás	está	estamos	están
ir	to go	voy	vas	va	vamos	van
ser	to be (permanent)	soy	eres	es	somos	son

Flashcards = practice conjugating one verb from each category (including a normal verb)

0.0(0)

Studied by 0 people