Drugs & Sports Test

Key terms:

  • stimulants: a class of drugs that speed up messages traveling between the brain and body

  • narcotic analgesics: an analgesic acting on the CNS rather than peripheral nerves

  • anabolic agents: drugs designed for exhibiting positive effects on muscle mass, strength, and recovery

  • diuretics: water pills used to lower blood pressure and clear extra fluid from the body

  • peptide hormones (EPO): a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production

  • blood doping: an illicit method that boosts the blood’s ability to bring more oxygen to muscles

  • beta-blockers: meds that cause the heart to beat more slowly and with less force

  • androgenic: (male sex hormone) —> a substance capable of developing/maintaining masculine characteristics

  • androstenedione: a type of chemical known as an anabolic steroid (enhance metabolism and build up body tissues) naturally produced in men and women

  • caffeine: a drug that stimulates your brain and nervous system

  • chondroitin: a natural molecule that is a major component of cartilage (treat osteoarthritis)

  • ephedra: a plant that stimulates the heart, lungs, and nervous system (used for weight loss and athletic performance)

  • fat-soluble vitamins: important for vision, bone health & skin

  • medicinal herbs: plant matter used in form of powders, extracts, teas, & tablets to improve body mass & composition, help relieve muscle & joint pain

  • growth hormones: An ergogenic aid produced by the pituitary gland that works to increase amino acid production into protein (stimulate growth of muscle excessively, increase risk of cardiovascular problems)

  • glucosamine: increases cartilage and fluid around joints (helps prevent breakdown)

  • ergogenic aid: increases performance by affecting energy metabolism of CNS, stimulating protein production

  • creatine monohydrate: maintain continuous energy supply to muscles during exercise

  • THG: androgenic steroid that stimulates androgen, improves performance, strength & muscle mass

  • BALCO: The “clear” designer anabolic steroid that makes muscles bigger/stronger

  • steroid side effects (men): Cardiovasc disease, elevated testosterone, increased risk of osteoporosis

  • steroid side effects (women): elevated testosterone, body/facial hair, deeper voice

  • dietary supplement: a product intended to enhance diet

  • anabolic-androgenic steroids: man-made substances related to male sex hormones that build muscle & masculine characteristics

  • athletic code of ethics: A tool used to clarify and distinguish proper practices from those that can be detrimental and harmful

  • vitamins: can be toxic, are either natural or synthetic (release the energy from the carbs and fats people ingest)

  • minerals: inorganic do not provide energy, but help production of energy from carbs and fats

megadose of a product = consuming two or more times the recommended daily allowance

NCAA ban on coffee = DO NOT EXCEED 3 CUPS


CREATINE & EPHEDRA:

How does Creatine work in the body?

Creatine works similarly to carbohydrate loading– increased muscle Pr and PCr increases the capacity of the phosphagen energy system, helping athletes resist fatigue and therefore improve performance.

Name 4 possible performance benefits of Creatine?

Improvements in Strength Power Speed Fatigue

Name 5 side effects of Creatine?

Muscle cramping Spasms & strains Gastrointestinal distress Kidney dysfunction Heat illness

How does Ephedra work in the body?

The two active ingredients of ephedra stimulate the sympathetic nervous system or central nervous system (CNS).

What product do they typically combine with Ephedra?

Ephedra is typically combined with garana or other sources of caffeine.

Name 5 side effects of Ephedra?

Headaches Restlessness Palpitations Insomnia Anxiety

What do long-term supplementation of A-S precursors cause?

Liver dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, suppressed testosterone production, testicular atrophy, acne, male-pattern baldness, and aggressive behavior.

Name 4 side effects in women?

Lower voice pitch, hirsutism, increased abdominal fat accumulation, and general virilization.

Name the main side effect in men?

Feminizing effects, including gynecomastia.

What are the 3 questions an athlete should ask before using a nutritional supplement?

Is it legal? Is it safe? Does it work?

What is the primary concern with manufacturers of supplements?

The primary concern with manufacturers of supplements is the lack of strict regulation compared to pharmaceutical drugs.


ANABOLIC V ANDROGENIC

  • anabolic = “building body tissue”

  • androgenic = “promoting male characteristics”

  • ALL “anabolic” steroids are “androgenic”

largest part of brain = cerebral cortex (thinking, seeing, hearing, touch)

cerebellum = coordinates movements

brain stem = basic functions

limbic system = emotional brain

nucleus accumbens = reward pathway

drugs affect your brain by disrupting the absorption of neurotransmitters as brain cells end up absorbing the drug as well

anabolic steroids affect limbic system, part of brain related to mood