Unit 9 Therapy study guide (Psychotherapy, Biomedical)

Psychoanalytic Cause of mental illness: Repressed childhood trauma impacting your behaviors now unconsciously. repressed childhood trauma drives emotions unconsciously. Linked with Sigmund Frued.

Psychoanalytic Goal in treatment: Access those repressed childhood traumatic experiences and bring them from the unconscious mind to conscious mind. Not face to face and only look at childhood trauma. Talk therapy. Techniques: free association, transference, projective test (TAT and Inkblot), Dream Analysis (manifest and latent)

Free Association: allowing client to talk freely about anything until you reach points of resistance were they change the subject or stop answering question. 

Resistance: points in free association were a person becomes uncomfy, treatment will dig into these points of resistance in order to access the unconscious

Transference: displacing emotions and thoughts onto therapist due to repressed childhood trauma, links with defense mechanism of displacement 

Projective Tests: we projects are unconscious mind onto others, what you say is going on in the image is what is going on in your own life, links with defense mechanism of projection. Types of test: TAT & Ink Blot

TAT: asking what's the story

Ink Blot: asking what do you see

Dream Analysis: dreams are ways into are unconscious mind, by analyzing dreams we can find the traumatic childhood experiences that drive you emotion. Parts of dream are manifest and latent.

Manifest: what your storyline of your dream is

Latent: what the symbols in your dream mean, uncover your unconscious minds through decoding symbols

Psychodynamic Goal in treatment: Look at repressed traumatic experiences ALL throughout your lifetime, not just from childhood and bring them from the unconscious mind to the conscious mind. Face to face and look at all trama throughout life.

Cognitive Cause of mental illness: your thoughts about events that happen impact the emotion you experience. Thoughts drive emotions not events.

Cognitive Goal in treatment: change/challenge your thought process and perspective of client to change your behavior. Linked with Albert Ellis & Aaron Beck. Techniques: ABS model, cognitive distortions

Rational Emotive Therapy: Created by Albert Ellis. beliefs not events cause are emotions, harshly challenging your thought process. explain why two people can experience the same even and have different emotions. Called the ABC model.

ABC model: A=Adversety, B=Belif C=Consequenting Emotion, D=Dispute Of Logic By Therapist, E=New Rational Belief, F= New Consequenting Emotion

Cognitive Distortions: Created by Aaron Beck. if your beliefs/interpretations are clouded we misinterpret our environment. Identify clouded perception  of life and challenge/change those lenses 

Humanistic Cause of mental illness: stagnant between your real vs ideal self is not allowing you to be a fully functioning individual and/or missing something from maslow's hierarchy of needs no allowing you to reach self actualization. Linked with Maslow and Carl Rogers

Humanitisc Goal in treatment: overlap real & ideal self to become fully functioning and/or find what is missing from maslow's hierarchy of needs to reach self actualization. Help clients be heard not finding the cause of problems. Techniques: unconditional positive regard & empathetic listening.

Unconditional Positive Regard: acceptance of one's beliefs, doesn't mean you agree with them.

Empathetic Listening: give clients a place where they feel heard. not finding the cause of the problem.  can actively listen without unconditional positive regard.

Behavioral Cause of mental illness: Learned associations (observational learning, classical conditioning, operant conditioning) drive your behaviors. Linked with Ivan Pavlow and John Watson and BF Skinner

Behavioral Goal in treatment: break old associations and learn new associations (observational learning, classical conditioning, operant conditioning). Techniques: counterconditioning, (exposure therapy ,systematic desensitization and VR, aversive conditioning) token economy.

Counterconditioning: CC technique. break old associations and change it, focused on treatment for anxiety disorders. through the use of exposer therapy and aversive conditioning.

Exposure Therapy: expose person to fear through the use of systematic desensitization and VR exposed therapy.

 Systematic Desensitization: change a negative association to a positive one through exposing them to each level of fear hierarchy, teach them relaxation techniques at each level of fear hierarchy (Ex: for a fear of spiders they would start with having you in the same room as a spider and work your way up to holding one)

Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy changes a negative association to a positive one through exposing them to each level of fear hierarchy in VR, teaching them relaxation techniques at each level of fear hierarchy in VR. Useful for people with fears that are not easy situations to replicate. (Ex: for a fear of planes they would starts with having you go into an airport terminal in VR ad work you way up to sitting on a plane in VR)

Aversive Conditioning: changes a positive association to a negative/neutral one. used for alcohol abuse clients. knowledge that your being conditions can make the process to acquire loger (Ex: nauseating drug in alcohol to make an association between alcohol and throwing up).

Token Economy: OC technique. manipulate rewards and punishment they get in order to get the behavior you're looking for. good for kids with autism (Ex: eat you food and you get play time)

Eclectic Approach: the combination of two different approaches into one (Ex: cognitive-behavioral therapy)

Group Therapy: doing sessions with a psychiatrist an other people suffering from the same thing, helps you to no feel alone

Family Therapy: doing session with a psychiatrist and other family members

Biomedical Cause of mental illness: chemical imbalances and/or genetic defects

Biomedical Goal in treatment: change the biological to help the psychological. Techniques: drug therapy, ECT/RTMS, Psychosurgery)

Drug therapies: drugs given to fix chemical imbalances in the brain

antipsychotic drugs: deals with schizophrenia. block receiving neurons (dendrites) from absorbing the neurotransmitter (dopamine) forcing transmitting neurons to absorb (reuptake) the neurotransmitter (dopamine). Anti-neurotransmitter & linked with dopamine. Lead to side effects like Tardive Dyskinesia (muscle paralysis). Drug examples: Chlorpromazine, Clozapine

antidepressant drugs: deals with depression. block transmitting neurons from reabsorbing (reuptake)  neurotransmitters (serotonin) forcing receiving neurons (dendrites) to absorb the neurotransmitter (serotonin). Pro-neurotransmitter & linked with serotonin. Drug examples Prozac, Zoloft, Paxiln, SSRI’s

anti anxiety drugs: deals with anxiety. depress central nervous system leading to less anxiety and tension and more GABA (decrease anxiety). Drug examples: Xanax, Ativan 

ECT: sending electrical shocks to the brain as a form of rebooting it, helps people suffering from depressive disorders. leads to memory loss

Psychosurgery: physically altering parts of your brain in order to treat mental illness 

Lobotomy: cutting the connection between frontal lobe and emotion center portion of rest of brain