History Exam Study Guide

World War 1 😛💕

• Causes

  • M- militarism

    • Policy of building a strong military to prepare for war

  • A- alliances

    • Agreements between nations to aid and protect each other

  • I- imperialism

    • One country takes over another economically and politically

  • N- nationalism

    • Extreme pride in one’s country

• Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

  • Triggered WWI

    • Austria Hungary declares war on Serbia → Germany declares war on Russia →Germany declares war on France → Germany invades Belgium (to get to France) → Great Britain declares war on Germany

  • Assassinated in the streets of Sarajevo by a 19 year old member of the black hand

  • Targeted because he planned to give Bosnian serbs more say in the government

• Schlieffen Plan

  • Goal: Avoid war on two fronts (fails)

  • Germany marched through belgium to surround France while Russia prepared their army

    • Belgium was a neutral country and the invasion by Germany caused Great Britain to join the war

• Trench warfare and how it led to the development of new weapons

  • Trench warfare was very dangerous and ineffective so new technologies like the tank were invented to make battles safer and more effective

• Effect on the home front

  • Countries went into a state of total war so their economies and people were solely focused on funding the war

• German use of unrestricted submarine warfare

  • Germany attacked any boat that they believed were bringing resources to the Allied power

• Zimmerman Note

  • Message from mexico to germany

  • Germany asked Mexico to invade the United States in exchange for the land the united states stole from them

• War/liberty bonds

  • donations that the public made to the government to fund the war

• Sedition Act

  • Made it illegal to speak out against the American government, constitution, or military

• Conditions in Germany towards the end of the war

• Schenck vs US

  • Schenck was charged with conspiracy to violate the Espionage Act of 1917 by attempting to cause insubordination in the military and to obstruct recruitment

  • The Court said that the Espionage Act did not violate the First Amendment and was an appropriate exercise of Congress’ wartime authority

• Espionage Act

  • Allowed postal authorities to band treasonable or seditious mail to maintain national unity

• Conscientious Objectors

  • Those who refused to fight in WWI

  • Objected on moral or religious grounds

  • Had non-combatant roles in civilian work of national importance: labouring on farms, driving ambulances, or working in aid posts

• President Wilson’s plan for peace/14 points

  • Plan for how we are going to rebuild after the war

• League of Nations

  • First worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace by solving international problems

• Treaty of Versailles

  • Created at the Paris Peace Conference with the United States, France, Great Britain, and Italu

Russian Revolution 😛💕

• February Revolution

  • Food riots broke out and when soldiers refused to open fire on rioters, Tsar Nicholas II gave up his throne

• October Revolution

  • Vladimir Lenin was sent back to Russia and the Bolsheviks (Lenin’s supporters) seized power by force and renamed Russia the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

• Vladimir Lenin land policy

  • Lenin seized all land and made it communal land for everyone to use

• Differences between communism and capitalism

  Capitalism	Communism
  Free market  Private industry Choice in what to produce Class system Some government intervention	Government controls everything Command economy  No defined classes  Free healthcare  No private property

From War to Peace 😛💕

• Anti-immigrant feelings post WWI

  • People did not want immigrants coming into the US because they thought they would bring communist ideas to the US

  • Emergency Quota Act and the National Origins Act

    • Established a certain amount of immigrants that could immigrant to the US from certain countries

• Palmer Raids

  • A series of violent and abusive law-enforcement raids directed at leftist radicals and anarchists in 1919 and 1920, beginning during a period of unrest known as the “Red Summer.” Named after Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer

• Sacco and Vanzetti

  • Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian immigrants and anarchists who were controversially convicted of murdering Alessandro Berardelli and Frederick Parmenter

• Red Scare

  • Time period of heightened fear of communism

• Suburbanization

  • A population shifts from historic core cities or rural areas into suburbs

• Welfare Capitalism

  • capitalism that includes social welfare policies and/or the practice of businesses providing welfare services to their employees

• Henry Ford

  • Introduced many new technologies and management innovations that revolutionized production, doubled wags, improved working conditions, and improved the standard of living

• Warren G. Harding

  • Changed the American foreign policy to isolationism

  • Focused on American Businesses

  • Returned to laissez-faire government and reduced taxes for the wealthy

• Calvin Coolidge

  • Lowered national debt and taxes

• Kellogg-Briand Pact

  • Agreement between 60ish nations to outlaw war as a national policy

• Farmers struggle post WWI

  • They were still supplying lots of crops but the demand was very low

The Roaring ‘20s 😛💕

• Speakeasies

  • Bars that illegally sold alcohol

• Prohibition

  • A time period of social unrest due to laws against the manufacture, sale, and transport or alcohol

• 19th Amendment

  • Amendment that gave women the right to vote

• Scopes trial

  • Trial of John Scopes for illegally teaching evolution

• 18th Amendment

  • Amendment that banned the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcohol

• Impact of the radio

  • Connected rural and urban audiences

• Harlem Renaissance

  • Time period of increased media highlighting African American culture

• Great Migration

  • Time period were African Americans were moving from the South to the North

The Great Depression and The New Deal 😛💕

• Change of gov’t role during Great Depression

  • At first only state and local governments were working to repair the depression until FDR got the federal government involved

• Key Developments of Great Depression

• Black Tuesday (impact and date)

  • October 29, 1929

  • The stock market crashed revealing problems within the economy

  • Caused mass bankruptcies and unemployment, and dramatic declines in production and money supply

• Herbert Hoover

  • Tried to resolve the depression through volunteerism and localism

• Dust Bowl

  • Time period of severe dust storms

  • Human Causes:

    • Over farming

    • Overgrazing

    • Removal of natural grass/ vegetation

  • Natural Causes:

    • Drought

    • High winds

• Organized labor 1923-1929

• Changing behavior regarding the stock market

  • People didn’t trust banks so they pulled their money out

  • People sold their stocks

• Hoover Dam

  • Brought work to thousands

• Hoovervilles

  • Organized labor 1923-1929

• Smoot-Hawley Tariff

  • Decreased world trade

• New Deal

  • Addressed the problems of unemployment, failing businesses, struggling farmers, and the distrust in banks and the stock market

  • Relief, recovery, reform

    • Programs

• Social Security Admin

  • Government money paid to the elderly, single women with children, and the disabled

• FDIC- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

  • Protected bank accounts of citizens up to $5000 (still in place today)

  • Relief

• CCC- Civilian Conservation Corporation

  • Created construction jobs for 18 to 24 year olds

  • Relief

• AAA- Agricultural Adjustment Act

  • protected the price of crops and prevented soil erosion

• Hundred Days

  • In the first 100 days of his presidency FDR created the Public Works programs and created the Bank Holiday

• Franklin Roosevelt

  • President after Hoover who implemented the Federal government in solving the Great Depression

These following statements have been the focus of our trimester

• Explain how militarism, imperialism, nationalism and alliances were causes of World War I.

• Explain how the consequences of World War I set the stage for the Russian Revolution.

• Explain how and why oppression and discrimination resulted in the Armenian Genocide during World War I

• Explain why and how the United States moved to a policy of isolationism following World War I.

• Describe how racial intolerance, anti-immigrant attitudes and the Red Scare contributed to social unrest after World War I.

• Describe how an improved standard of living for many, combined with technological innovations in communication, transportation and industry, resulted in social and cultural changes and tensions.

• Describe social changes that came from the Harlem Renaissance, African-American migration, women’s suffrage and Prohibition

• Describe how the federal government’s monetary policies, stock market speculation and increasing consumer debt led to the Great Depression.

• Explain how the efforts to combat the Great Depression led to an expanded role for the federal government.