AP GOV CH 3 Review

block grants - A federal grant for a variety of purposes,  with fewer restrictions 

conditions of aid - rules states must follow if they choose to receive the federal grants 

dual federalism - doctrine that both state and national govts are supreme in their areas

mandates - Federal rules states must follow, with or without federal grants

categorical grant - A federal grant for a specific purpose, often with conditions

devolution - effort to shift responsibility for some  programs from Wash. to the states 

judicial review - Power the S.Court gave itself in Marbury v. Madison

enumerated powers - powers of Congress from Article I, Sec. 8

police powers - state laws and regulations that promote health, safety, and morals 

intergovernmental lobby - interest group of mayors, governors, and other state and local officials 

__McCulloch - But this is a tax on the operations of the bank, and is, consequently, a tax on the operation of an instrument employed by the Government

Gibbons - Commerce, undoubtedly, is traffic, but it is something more: it is intercourse. It describes the commercial intercourse between nations, and parts of nations

Marbury - To enable this court then to issue a mandamus, it must be shown to be an exercise of appellate jurisdiction or to be necessary to enable them to exercise appellate jurisdiction

Lopez - The statute does so by regulating an activity beyond the realm of commerce in the ordinary and usual sense of that term.measures.

McCulloch - Although, among the enumerated powers of Government, we do not find the word "bank" or "incorporation," we find the great powers, to lay and collect taxes; to borrow money;

Lopez - If a State or municipality determines that harsh criminal sanctions are necessary and wise to deter students from carrying guns on school premises, the reserved powers of the States are sufficient to enact those sanctions.

McColloch - The word "necessary" is of this description. It has not a fixed character peculiar to itself. It admits of all degrees of comparison, and is often connected with other words which increase or diminish the impression the mind receives of the urgency. 






Questions

Where is the necessary and proper clause in the U.S. Constitution?

  • - The necessary and proper clause is found in Article 1 Section 8

What is the 10th Amendment?

  • - That the enumerated powers are powers for Congress while anything not specifically mentioned in the amendment are reserved power that are for states 

What is meant by federal supremacy?

  • - What is being meant by federal supremacy is that the federal government laws take precedence over states 

Explain two ways in which the decision in McCulloch v. Maryland strengthened the national government.

  • - The case clarified congress's ability to use the necessary and proper clause giving them more power to use and the supremacy clause and made a standard that the Federal laws take precedence over states. 

How is the census now used for more than just determining seats in the House of Representatives? 

  • - It is used to draw lines of legislative districts and reapportion the seats each state holds in congress 

Why is federal money so attractive to the states?

  • - Federal Money is free money that the states that don’t have to use their own money 

What is fiscal federalism?

  • - The government gives money to states and local governments to run programs 

Why would block grants be more popular among states than categorical grants? Give some examples of grants.

  • - Block grants are more popular as they are money the government gives for a state to do a program and it give states more discretion over how funds are spent

  • - TANF replaced AFDC

    • - Fewer strings attached

What is the difference between a mandate and a condition of aid? Give an example of each. 

  • - Mandates are requirements for receiving federal grants that is mandatory that states must meet like the REAL Id and cean air act and conditions of aids are requirements for receiving those aids/federal funds like the Race to the Top 

What is an unfunded mandate

  • - An unfunded mandates are requiremnts a state must follow without any payment attached

What is the competition between the intergovernmental lobby? 

  • - Governments Lobbying other governments/ cities, counties, and states allocate both resources and funding in order to achieve their specified goals with regard to other levels of government.

What is devolution? Why would a state be in favor of it? Provide examples in the Medicaid program.

  • -.

    Devolution is passing on the states with federal power. A state would be in favor as it meant that they had more freedom to do whatever they pleased. Examples with medicaid were : contracts to sign to show up at doctor appointments and use the emergency room for emergencies and another contract. No more comparability so the state government doesn't need to drop people when reducing medicaid costs