psychoactive drugs

TABLE 1.3-3 A Guide to Selected Psychoactive Drugs

Drug

Type

Pleasurable effects

Possible Negative Effects

Alcohol

Depressant

Initial high followed by relaxation and disinhibition

Depression, memory loss, organ damage, impaired reactions

Heroin

Depressant

Rush of euphoria, relief from pain

Depressed physiology, loss of natural endorphin function

Caffeine

Stimulant

Increased alertness and wakefulness

Anxiety, restiessness, and insomnia in high doses

Nicotine

Stimulant

Arousal and relaxation, sense of well-being

Heart disease, cancer

Cocaine

Stimulant

Rush of euphoria, confidence, energy

Cardiovascular stress, suspiciousness, depressive crash

Methamphetamine

Stimulant

Euphoria, alertness, energy

Irritability, insomnia, hypertension, seizures

Ecstasy (methylenedioxy-

methamphetamine, MDMA)

Stimulant; mild hallucinogen

Emotional elevation, disinhibition

Dehydration, overheating depressed mood, impaired cognitive and immune functioning

LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)

Hallucinogen

Visual "trip"

Risk of panic

Marijuana (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol,

THC)

Mild hallucinogen

Enhanced sensation, relief of pain, distortion of time, relaxation

Impaired learning and memory, increased risk of psychological disorders