Gender and Sexuality

Gender and Sexuality

Learning Outcomes

Differentiate gender from sexuality

Explain gender socialization

Identify gender stereotypes and the problems stereotyping brings

Discuss sexual orientation and gender identity and expression or SOGIE

What is sex? What is gender?

Sex and Gender

Sex and gender influence all aspects of life, including jobs, societal values, and laws.

What is Sex?

Sex is a biological category determined by reproductive functions.

Female: Produces egg cells, bears offspring.

Male: Produces sperm cells.

Chromosomes: XX = Female, XY = Male.

Genitalia: Organs used for reproduction

Hormones: Influence physical and secondary sexual characteristics.

Cultural Impact: Perception of sex in society affects how individuals are viewed and treated

What is gender?

What is gender?

● Definition: Gender is a social construct

related to the roles, behaviors, and

interactions expected of the sexes.

● Social Influence: Gender roles are learned

and can vary significantly across different

cultures and over time.

SEX versus GENDER

Sex: Physiological, related to reproduction, congenital, unchanging

Gender: Social, cultural, learned behavior, changes over time, varies among cultures

Does Sex correspond to Gender?

Sex does not necessarily determine gender; gender roles can diverge significantly

from biological sex.

Gender Role Socialization:

Process of learning societal norms related to gender, which starts from birth and

influences identity and behavior.

SOGIE

Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Expression (SOGIE) include:

Sexual Orientation: Attraction and identification, which can be heterosexual or homosexual.

Gender Identity: How one perceives and identifies their gender.

Gender Expression: How one outwardly expresses their gender identity

Gender Identity

Refers to one’s personal experience of gender or social relations. It determines how one sees himself or herself in relation to gender and sexuality. A person could identify himself or herself as masculine or feminine.

Different categories of Gender Identity:

Cisgender: Gender identity matches with sex.

Transgender: Gender identity does not match with sex.

Questioning: Unsure of gender identity.

Queer, Gender-fluid, non-binary: Gender does not play a vital role in their lives.

Gender Expression: Determines how one expresses his or her sexuality through the actions or manner of presenting oneself

(Feminine, Masculine, Unisex or Androgynous)

LGBTQUIA

Components: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer/Questioning, Intersex, Asexual

Roles: Labels help recognize and validate the identities of people outside heteronormative standards.

SEXUAL ORIENTATION

Covers the 3 dimensions of sexuality namely

- Sexual attraction, Sexual behavior, Sexual fantasies

- Emotional preference, social preference, self -identification

- Heterosexual or homosexual lifestyle

- Involves the person to whom one is attracted and how

one identifies him/herself in relation to this attraction

which includes both romantic and sexual feelings

Heterosexual, Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Pansexual, Asexual

Gender Role Socialization

Gender role socialization is the process of learning and internalizing culturally approved ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving. It affects all parts of identity and is influenced by educational background, class, religion, and gender.

Secular POV

Many scientists, psychologists, and sociologists believe that sex does not determine gender. Femininity and masculinity are not necessarily tied to biological sex.

Biblical POV

According to Genesis 1:27, God created man and woman in His image.

Seventh-day Adventists believe that sexual intimacy belongs within the marital relationship of a man and a woman, and Scripture affirms the heterosexual pattern.

Sexism

Sexism is prejudice against a certain sex. Patriarchal society places men as dominant, which puts women and LGBT individuals at risk for discrimination.

Gender Stereotypes

Sex stereotypes: Generalized traits expected of men and women.

Sexual stereotypes: Assumptions about sexuality.

Sex-role stereotypes: Expected behaviors linked to one's sex.

Compounded stereotypes: Stereotypes affecting specific groups within genders.

Impact of Gender Stereotyping

Stereotypes limit roles and perceptions based on gender.

Gender Equality

Gender equality means equal conditions for all to fulfill potential, regardless of gender. Barriers persist due to societal norms and discrimination.