Sufi Appear in the 8th century Practice meditation Mystics Muslim Inclusive of other religious traditions Unorthodox/heterodox Organized into brotherhoods, led by saints/masters Emphasized individual relationship to God rather than rules and laws | |
Dhimmis A non-muslim protected by the law yet separate from it. “dhimmis”, had to pay Jizyah but were exempt from military service. Included Christianity, Judaism, and other monotheistic religions South Asia extended the dhimmi status to non-monotheists which was highly unorthodox in the Middle East standards. This included Hinduism and Buddhism | |
Mughals Members of the Muslim Mughal dynasty, an empire that existed from 1526 to 1857 In South India, the Mughals were the richest and most powerful, allowing them to control most of the country. At its peak, around 1700, the empire controlled most of the Indian peninsula. The Mughal Empire ruled as Muslims and invaded as Muslims. The large Hindu population that they controlled was ironic considering the The Mughal Empire was Muslim. | |
Akbar Was the third Mughal emperor, reigned from 1556 to 1605. Centralized government Improved tax system by abolishing the poll tax on non-muslims, also known as Dhimmis. It also included other monotheistic religions. Founded the city of Fatehpur Sikri. Akbar also extended the reach of the Mughal dynasty across the Indian subcontinent. Decided to ‘tolerate’ other religions (as in not Islam) in the Mughal Empire Akbar is responsible for the massive (yes massive) growth of the Mughal Empire. | |
Urdu
The combined structure of Sanskrit with Persian Arabic, Turiki, and Hindu words Originated in the twelfth century in north India Local variants evolved such as Dakhini spoken in western Deccan
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Ulema Muslim Scholars Specialist knowledge Focused on sacred law and theology Local Authority Used law-making making Orthodox Institutionalized forms of authority Enforced through punishment and reward | |
Rajput
A Hindu warrior class We're a social category or caste of northern and central India Practiced purdah where women were hidden Mughals began to marry the Rajput women Ancestry was very important to them Organized in a patriarchal way Marrying up to gain power was very powerful Maintained their rights when the Mughals took over Consisted of people whose traditional occupation was warfare and who demonstrated virtues of a courageous death on the battlefield Around 12 million Rajputs existed at this time
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Din-i-ilahi This means “Religion of god” Divine faith Incorporated aspects of Hinduism, Jainism, Christianity, and Zoroastrianism into Islam. Syncretic religion developed by Akbar (the emperor) Extremely short-lived, did not even last much after Akbar died. Akbar concluded that “no single religion could claim the monopoly of truth.” Had no sacred scriptures or priestly hierarchy Din-i-Ilahi worship focused on light, with a ritual based on the Yasna, a Zoroastrian worship practice. The religion stressed the importance of good moral behavior, tolerance, and the cultivation of virtues like honesty, patience, and justice. Critics of Din-i Ilahi argue that it lacked a clear and organized doctrine or theological foundation. Some saw it as an attempt by Akbar to assert his authority over religious matters.
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Delhi Sultanate Late 13th to 14th centuries Succession of Persian Muslim regimes in Northern India Tughluq - embraced ethnic and religious diversity, incorporated Rajputs into his political system Replaced by the Mughal Empire, when defeated by Babur in 1526
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Mongols Mongols are Native to Mongolia, China, and Russia Indians used the term “Mongols” to describe Central Asians In Perso-Arab, the term “mugal” means “the Mongol” or the “Mongolians
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Nur Jahan | |
Shah Jahan Grandson of Akbar Military centered Ruled for only 12 year Conquered territory in East India and Northwest India Father of Jahangir The Mughal Empire was prosperous, wealthy, and internationally renowned under his rule. Had many military campaigns Had 20 years of peaceful coexistence with the Deccan Sultanates He was imprisoned by his son Aurangzeb after a battle of succession
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Mansabdar Holder of a position of rank Military unit within the Mughal empire People with a military role
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Babur | Founder of the Moghul dynasty Descent of Genghis Khan Wandered through cenCentralia and Afghanistan In the battle of Panipat, he defeated the forces of Muslim kings
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Aurangzeb | Son of Shah Jahan Killed his brothers Expanded the empire to Deccan Nicknamed “seizer of the world” Took control over all of the Sultans of Deccan to gain his power Created a high-class culture for the aristocrats After he died the empire began to lose power and decline Traditional and orthodox Muslim He was less tolerant of other religions during his rule.
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Humayan | Babur’s son who inherited territories, defeated the Afghans and took back the Mughal throne. |
Jagirs | The system of assignment of revenue in the Moghuls This system was put in place instead of paying salaries Took surplus revenue from farmers and gave it to the nobles
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Bhakti - Tori | A new devotion of Hinduism that moves away from fire sacrifice Focuses on love and having a personal relationship with the divine Didn’t hope for a better rebirth but focused more on moksha Recognize that love is more natural than philosophy Allowed women to leave their husbands and homes in search of their divine husbands Sacred texts were primarily poems and hymns
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Tamil- Akash & Wyatt & Wes | Tamil is a Dravidian language and is considered one of the oldest surviving classical languages in the world, with a literary tradition spanning over 2,000 years.
One of the longest surviving languages from India, and spoken by the Tamil people. Tamil was used for trade merchants for a common language and there were many written records of the language. |
Ramanuja | |
Purana | Characters as “the sweetest fruit of the Vedic Tree” Fifth Veda More influential on the ground in India than the Vedas themselves Introduced stories of goddesses across India
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Vishnu Allie | |
Krishna-morgan | Krishna told the epic poem from the Bhagavad Gita Hindu god. He is the 8th avatar of Vishnu He is sometimes depicted as a child He is the god of compassion, love, and protection
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Shiva | Believes he’s everything Hindu God Creator, destroyer, presenter Shaivism is the Hinduism sect based on worshiping Shiva Sometimes depicted as being blue
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Mahadevi | |
Mirabai | A Northern poet-saint, 16th century Had a vision of Krishna; vowed to be a bride for life Became a wandering poet devoted to her spiritual husband Poems criticized institutions of both marriage and renunciation
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Chaitanya | |
Kabir- landon+wes+wyatt | 15th-century Indian poet-saint, mystic, and spiritual figure lived between 1440 and 1518 CE Arabic term that refers to pride, ignorance Known as negative traits Kabir was a poet who influenced the bhakti movement with his writings. He was also against another term for the saint. His writing is found in the Sikhism scripture Guru Granth Sahib. |
Jainism- morgan | -non-violence (not harming any living beings) -truthfulness, non-stealing (won't take anything unless it is willingly given to them) -non-attachment -The goal of Jainism is to achieve liberation of the soul by living rightly and following the three jewels of Jain ethic -samyagdarshana (right faith), samyagjnana (right knowledge), and samyakcharitra (right conduct) |
Zoroastrian Allie | Followers of Zoroaster Believed that the world is a battle between good and evil Indian Zoroastrians are called Parsis. Believed people were judged on how well and badly they stood up for the forces of good
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Carvaka | |
Malabar Christians- morgan | Indian Christians from the southwest coast of India are usually called the Malabar Christians. |
Jesuits, Grace + Sarah | |
Hinduism | Cycle of life Death, rebirth, life Fueled by Karma Rajput were a large Hindu group during the time of the empire Moghul Dharma is a main component Refers to duty and jobs they must fulfill in the world
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Guru Nanak | |
Sikhism -marin landon elliott | Founded by Guru Nanak Sikh means learner A religion Sikhism is a religious movement started around the sixteenth century. Sikhism is a monotheistic religion Sikhs have many sacred religious texts. Sikhism is now mostly popular in Pakistan and northwestenr India.
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Adi Granth (Guru Granth). | |
Taj Mahal- allie | |
