history unit 1

- Reconstruction: historic period which the us wanted to integrate millions of newly freed african americans into social political labor systems

- 13, 14, 15th amendment: 13 abolished slavery, 14 gave citizenship to all people born in Us, 15 amendment gave black americans right to vote

- Freedmen’s Bureau: provided assistance to formerly enslaved people and impoverished whites in southern states

- Andrew Johnson: The 17th president of the us, worst president because of his clashes with congress, opposition for rights for african americans and ineffectiveness

- Abraham Lincoln: The 16th president of the Us, built the republican party into a strong national organization

- Black Codes: restricted black people's rights to own property, conduct business, buy and lease land, and move freely through public spaces.

- Impact of electricity: enabled the industrialization of cities, longer factory hours, new machinery, better lighting, growth of cars

- Transcontinental Railroad: reduced the travel time between the east and west coasts allowed more goods to be distributed

- Child Labor: young people working in hazardous conditions, harmful to physical and mental development

- Laissez-Faire: the policy or attitude of letting things take their own course without interfering

- Andrew Carnegie: business men iron works, steamers, railroads, and oil wells

- Homestead Strike: A bloody confrontation ensued between the workers and security guards, killing and injuries

- John D. Rockefeller: founded the standard oil company and did charity

- Cornelius Vanderbilt: one of america's richest men owned new york central and hudson river railroad

- Great Railroad Strike: because of wage cuts and poor working conditions led to violent strikes.

- Scab workers: people that would work when there was a strike going on

- J.P. Morgan: leader in the investment banking and financial things

- Monopoly: when one company dominates the whole service and possesses all the supply

- Vertical integration: The combination of one company of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate companies

- Horizontal integration: occurs when company acquires or merges with another company same industry that is operating at the same level in value chain

- Tenements/Slums:  built with cheap materials and were unsafe to live in

- Old vs. New Immigrants: old immigrants are mostly from northwestern europe  spoke english while the new ones are southeastern europe little english

- Push/Pull Factors: push factors might emigrate from their homes and pull are the reasons a person will settle in a particular country

- Nativism: political policy of promoting the interest of native inhabitants against immigrants. No new immigrants or deportation of foreign born people who were deemed to be dangerous

- Literacy Tests: tests a person's ability to read or write

- Chinese Exclusion Act: First significant law restricting immigration into the us, 10 year ban on chinese laborers

- National Origins Act: limited the number of immigrants allowed entry to the us

- Meat Inspection Act: provide the public with safe supply of meat

- Pure Food and Drug Act: protects the public health by assuring the safety, of nations food supply cosmetics

- Upton Sinclair: pioneered muckraking, wrote the jungle. Influenced creation of fda and meat inspection act

- Progressive Movement: turn of the century political movement in furthering social and 

political reform

- Muckrakers: reform minded journalists, writers and photographers in the progressive era who claimed to expose corruption and wrongdoing in established institutions through publications

- 19th amendment: women the right to vote

- Teddy Roosevelt: 26th youngest president. Leader of the progressive movement 

- W.E.B. Du Bois: important black protest leader in the us, fought for education

- Booker T. Washington : african american author, leader in black education