psychology 23

motivations – a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.

instinct – a complex, unlearned behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species.

incentives – positive or negative stimuli that motivate behavior – can be used to motivate individuals.

extrinsic motivation - One can use rewards to influence behavior

intrinsic motivation - one can be driven internally to improve or accomplish a goal,

Intrinsic motivation - is the desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake based on natural interests.

Extrinsic motivation is the desire to perform a behavior to gain external rewards or avoid punishment.

overjustification effect - occurs when an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a person's intrinsic motivation to perform a task.

homeostasis—the maintenance of a steady internal state.

needs – fundamental biological and psychological requirements for physical and mental health.

drives – the physiological and psychological arousal that compels us to satisfy our needs.

Drive-reduction theory – the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy a need – attempts to explain motivation as based on the discomfort or pain caused by drives.

arousal theory - holds that each person has a unique arousal level that is right for them.

buffet effect - We like to try the different types of foods which often leads to overeating

set point– the point at which an individual’s lean weight thermostat is set.

Alfred Kinsey - Kinsey studied habits, partners, practices, and played a leading role in making sex less taboo.

Abraham Maslow - hierarchy of needs pyramid.

Jonathan Haidt - research on gen z have shown increases in female diagnoses for depression and anxiety disorders