Midterm History spring semester

Quiz 1

Cuneiform and Hieroglyphics

• Both are forms of written communication.

Key Features of Ancient Mesopotamian Society

• Ziggurats: Structures pivotal to their society.

Relation of Covenant and Monotheism

• Both emphasize written communication and commitment in faith.

Description of Cuneiform

• Wedge-shaped writing developed by ancient Sumerians.

Description of Hammurabi

• Issued a famous law code for Babylon.

Relation of Epic of Gilgamesh and Mummification

• They are not related.

Differences between Sub-Saharan Africa and Egyptian Society

• Practiced ancestor veneration.

• Social organization was matrilineal.

Achievements of the Phoenicians

• Developed a simplified writing system which became the foundation for many modern phonetic alphabets.

Quiz 2

Relation of Ma'at and Amon-Re

• Both are terms that describe Egyptian religion.

Language Groups of Sub-Saharan Africa

• Bantu.

Definition of Nirvana

• A state of infinite tranquility and release from the cycle of death and rebirth.

Definition of Ahimsa

• Nonviolence toward all living things.

Gupta Empire's Support of Buddhism

• False: They favored Buddhism, but the statement presents an inaccurate depiction.

Similarities between Mahavira and the Buddha

• Both believed in samsara.

• Both rejected Hinduism’s caste system.

Definition of Veda

• A sacred hymn composed by Aryan priests for religious rituals.

Spread of Buddhism Factors

• The conversion of Ashoka and his use of imperial resources for Buddhist missionaries.

Quiz 3

Definition of Upanishad

• Great philosophical and religious texts composed over centuries.

Definition of Dharma

• Duties pertaining to one’s caste which influence one’s fate in the next incarnation.

Relation of Varna and Jati

• Both describe the Hindu caste system.

Definition of Samsara

• None of the definitions are accurate regarding its meaning.

Conflict between Persia and Greece

• Associated with the Ionian Revolt and Xerxes.

Quiz 4

Persian Ruler and Authority

• Darius emphasized authority by dividing the empire into satrapies.

Truth about Zoroastrianism

• Ahura Mazda had an evil twin (source of the Lie).

• Worship associated with ancient fire cults.

Chronological Order

a. Xerxes, b. The Peloponnesian War, c. Alexander the Great.

Famous Philosopher

• Socrates known for questioning ethical issues.

Differences between Spartan and Athenian Societies

• Spartan women had voting rights; Athenian women were under male authority.

Focus of Spartan Society

• Renowned for military focus and strict discipline.

Peloponnesian War Outcome

• False: Not a unification under Spartan leadership.

Quiz 5

Unique Features of Early Roman Republic

• Developed natural law applicable to all peoples.

• Elected representatives to draft and pass laws.

Importance of the Struggle of the Orders

• None of the provided reasons explain its importance.

Greco-Roman Culture Figures

• Virgil, Horace, Ovid.

Citizenship in Ancient Rome

• False: Citizenship requirement was not that both parents had to be Roman.

Quiz 6

Turmoil of Late Roman Republic

• Factors included discontent among veterans and rise of independent military generals.

Influence of Paul of Tarsus on Early Christianity

• Taught that Jesus' teachings should be shared with the non-Jewish world.

Chronological Order

• a. The Struggle of the Orders, b. Julius Caesar, c. the Pax Romana.

Ending of Rome's Golden Age

• Contributing factors: epidemic disease and civil war.

Quiz 7

Themes of Medieval Reform Movement in Christian Church

• Lay investiture, simony, celibacy.

Definition of Bishop

• A church official presiding over a diocese.

Promoter of Christianity in Roman Empire

• Constantine who was eventually baptized.

Chronological Order

• Diocletian, Charlemagne, the Great Schism.

Definition of Serf

• A peasant farmer bound to work on a manor under lords.

Celibacy

• False: It is not the sale of offices in the Christian Church.

Papal Primacy

• The belief that the bishop of Rome has authority over the entire Christian Church.

Characteristics of Germanic Societies

• Trial by ordeal, kinship, patriarchy, polytheism.

Quiz 8

Umayyad Caliphate Facts

• Faced numerous rebellions leading to its downfall.

• Moved capital from Mecca to Damascus.

• Viewed Islam as an Arab religion, did not force conversions.

• Conquests created a vast Muslim trade zone.

Description of Jihad

• Divides world into **