Renal and Elimination Disorders NUR 310
Functions of the Kidney:
Urine formation
Excretion of waste products
Regulation of electrolytes
Regulation of acid-base balance
Control of water balance & blood pressure
Regulation of red blood cell production
Synthesis of vitamin D to active form
Regulates calcium & phosphorus balance
Structures:
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Ages 30-90
7th decade of life
Changes:
Atherosclerosis
Decreased blood flow
Altered hormone levels
Loss of elasticity in females
Prostate enlargement in males
Aspects to Assess:
Pain
UTI history
Changes in urinary pattern
Dysuria, Nocturia, Hematuria, Anuria
Nutritional lifestyle
Weight changes
Medications, Smoking
Vital signs, Intake/output, Weight/BMI
Physical Examination:
Inspect, Palpate, Percussion, Auscultation
Normal Findings
Parameters:
Color, Odor, Protein, Glucose, Ketones, Bilirubin
Specific gravity, Osmolality, pH
RBCs, WBCs, Casts, Culture
Tests:
Urinalysis
Creatinine clearance
Composite urine collection
Urine clean catch
Concentration test
Residual urine
Characteristics:
More common in females
E. Coli is a common pathogen
Risk Factors
Diagnostics:
Dipstick Urinalysis
Urine Cultures
Imaging: CT and US
Uncomplicated UTI:
Phenazopyridine for pain
Antibiotics like trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
Recurrent UTI
Nursing Interventions
Inflammation of renal parenchyma
Etiology and Clinical Manifestations
Nephrolithiasis
Risk Factors
Metabolic, Climate, Diet, Genetic, Lifestyle
Tests:
Non-contrast CT, U/A, KUB, IVP
Interprofessional Care
Pain relief, Monitoring, Fluid intake
Patient education
Enlargement of prostate gland
Risk factors
Goals and Treatment
Drug Therapy
Preoperative care
**Import
Functions of the Kidney:
Urine formation
Excretion of waste products
Regulation of electrolytes
Regulation of acid-base balance
Control of water balance & blood pressure
Regulation of red blood cell production
Synthesis of vitamin D to active form
Regulates calcium & phosphorus balance
Structures:
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Ages 30-90
7th decade of life
Changes:
Atherosclerosis
Decreased blood flow
Altered hormone levels
Loss of elasticity in females
Prostate enlargement in males
Aspects to Assess:
Pain
UTI history
Changes in urinary pattern
Dysuria, Nocturia, Hematuria, Anuria
Nutritional lifestyle
Weight changes
Medications, Smoking
Vital signs, Intake/output, Weight/BMI
Physical Examination:
Inspect, Palpate, Percussion, Auscultation
Normal Findings
Parameters:
Color, Odor, Protein, Glucose, Ketones, Bilirubin
Specific gravity, Osmolality, pH
RBCs, WBCs, Casts, Culture
Tests:
Urinalysis
Creatinine clearance
Composite urine collection
Urine clean catch
Concentration test
Residual urine
Characteristics:
More common in females
E. Coli is a common pathogen
Risk Factors
Diagnostics:
Dipstick Urinalysis
Urine Cultures
Imaging: CT and US
Uncomplicated UTI:
Phenazopyridine for pain
Antibiotics like trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
Recurrent UTI
Nursing Interventions
Inflammation of renal parenchyma
Etiology and Clinical Manifestations
Nephrolithiasis
Risk Factors
Metabolic, Climate, Diet, Genetic, Lifestyle
Tests:
Non-contrast CT, U/A, KUB, IVP
Interprofessional Care
Pain relief, Monitoring, Fluid intake
Patient education
Enlargement of prostate gland
Risk factors
Goals and Treatment
Drug Therapy
Preoperative care
**Import