Causes of Ab Behivior 3

Cognitive Behavioral Paradigm

• The cognitive behavioral paradigm asserts that all behaviors (both normal and abnormal) result from learning processes.

• This paradigm emphasizes that understanding the processes of learning is essential to understanding behavior.

Classical Conditioning

• Definition: Classical conditioning is a type of learning through association between stimuli.

• Discovered By: Ivan Pavlov; sometimes referred to as Pavlovian conditioning.

Phases of Classical Conditioning

• Phase 1: Before Conditioning

  • Unconditioned Stimulus (US): Food

    • Automatically elicits an unconditioned response (UR).

  • Unconditioned Response (UR): Salivation

    • This is an automatic reflex action in response to food.

  • Neutral Stimulus (NS): Bell

    • Prior to conditioning, the bell does not produce a response from the dog.

• Phase 2: During Conditioning

  • Pairing of Stimuli:

    • The neutral stimulus (bell) is presented before the unconditioned stimulus (food).

    • The bell is rung first, followed by the presentation of food.

    • This sequence elicits an unconditioned response (salivation) since food is present.

• Phase 3: After Conditioning

  • Conditioned Stimulus (CS): The bell

    • After several pairings, the dog learns to associate the bell with food.

    • The bell becomes the conditioned stimulus (learned stimulus).

  • Conditioned Response (CR): Salivation in response to the bell

    • Now, when the bell rings alone, the dog salivates—a learned response.